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08:2008:20, 8 December 2025 Ultrasonic Runtime Measurement (hist | edit) [5,634 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Ultraschall-Laufzeitverfahren}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Ultrasonic runtime measurement __FORCETOC__ ==Definition== The ultrasonic runtime method describes the measurement of the path length by the time it takes for a sound pulse (wave packet) to travel from the transmitter (sound source) through at least one medium to the receiver (sound sink). This measurement method is fundamental for all...")
08:1908:19, 8 December 2025 Ultrasonic Immersion Bath Technique (hist | edit) [5,489 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Ultraschall-Tauchbad-Technik}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Ultrasonic Immersion Bath Technique __FORCETOC__ ==Principle of the passive immersion bath technique== The ultrasonic immersion bath technique, whose is a special case of the ultrasonic immersion technique, can be operated with different specifications: * immersion-technique, * flowing water coupling, * puddle technique, * guided squ...")
08:1808:18, 8 December 2025 Ultrasonic Direct Coupling (hist | edit) [5,778 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Ultraschall-Direktankopplung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Ultrasonic direct coupling __FORCETOC__ ==Ultrasonic transducer and testing methods== The application of ultrasonic transducers with direct coupling method on the surface of test object by using different transducer types (normal beam probe, angle-beam probe, angle transmitter-receiver probe or phased array probe) and on the used testing...")
07:5407:54, 8 December 2025 Trouser Specimen (hist | edit) [2,878 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Trouser-Prüfkörper}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Trouser specimen The trouser specimen is used for testing the elastomers and its determination of the tear propagation resistance with the tearing test according to ISO 34-1 [1, 2]. Besides the trouser specimen, the CT specimen is also used [3]. file:trouserprobe.jpg {| |- valign="top" |w...")
07:5307:53, 8 December 2025 Trapezoidal Specimen (hist | edit) [2,153 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Trapezprüfkörper}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Trapezoidal specimen __FORCETOC__ ==Trapezoidal specimen== For the determination of the tear propagation resistance in the tear propagation test, trapezoidal test specimens according to DIN 53363 as well as specimens in the form as strip-, angle- and arc-shaped test specimens to according to ISO 34-1 are used for films. Within the...")
07:5107:51, 8 December 2025 Transmission Sound Waves (hist | edit) [10,071 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Transmission Schallwellen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Transmission sound waves __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals of transmission== Alongside reflection and absorption, the transmission of sound waves is a phenomenon that occurs at the external or internal boundary surfaces of components or test pieces. In Ultrasound T...")
07:5107:51, 8 December 2025 Tracking (hist | edit) [1,888 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kriechwegbildung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Tracking or creep path formation __FORCETOC__ ==Definition of terms== The formation of creepage refers to the progressive formation of conductive paths that are formed on the surface and/or inside a solid insulating material as a result of the combined effects of electrical stress and electrolytic contamination. This test determines the...")
07:5007:50, 8 December 2025 Toughness (hist | edit) [8,034 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Zähigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Toughness __FORCETOC__ ==General information== When plastic components are used in various branches of industry such as the automotive industry, in building construction, chemical apparatus engineering, microelectronics, medical technology or the household appliance sector, toughness is a material parameter that is relevant to the app...")
07:4807:48, 8 December 2025 Thermostability PVC (hist | edit) [4,496 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Thermostabilität PVC}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Thermostability PVC __FORCETOC__ ==General== Plastics are mostly exposed to heat, radiation and oxygen during their application, which can start processes of ageing. These processes affect the chemical and physical properties of the material. Shear during processing, thermal energy, high-energy radiation or the influence of me...")
07:4707:47, 8 December 2025 Thermosets (hist | edit) [5,955 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Duroplaste}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Thermostes __FORCETOC__ ==Explanation of terms== Thermosetting materials, also known as thermosets, duromers, or resins, are a subgroup of plastics that exhibit a high degree of three-dimensional cross-linking of the main chemical valence bonds. Due to this macromolecular structure, they are classified as glass-like and hard plastics. In term...")
07:4707:47, 8 December 2025 Thermoplastic Material (hist | edit) [5,351 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Thermoplaste}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Thermoplastic material __FORCETOC__ ==Definition== Thermoplastic materials, also known as thermoplastics or plastomers, are a subgroup of plastics that can theoretically be melted down and cooled in a new form as often as desired. The ability to thermoplastically deform, melt and reshape is closely related to the recyclability of these ma...")
07:3807:38, 8 December 2025 Thermography (hist | edit) [14,359 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Thermographie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Thermography __FORCETOC__ ==Thermography== Thermography is a non-destructive testing method used in materials and component testing. It is based on thermal radiation, or more precisely, on the measurement of the intensity of electromagnetic waves in the infrared range. T...")
07:3607:36, 8 December 2025 TDCB-Specimen (hist | edit) [15,550 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=TDCB-Prüfkörper}} {{PSM_Infobox}} TDCB specimen __FORCETOC__ The Anglo-Saxon abbreviation TDCB stands for "Tapered-Double-Cantilever Beam". ==Test specimen shape== Various variations of the same basic shape can be found in the literature [1–3]. {| border="0" |file:TDCB-Specimen1.jpg | {| border=0 |-valign="top" |width="100px"|L – |200...240 mm |-valign="top" |a0</sub...")
07:3607:36, 8 December 2025 Test Speed (hist | edit) [5,495 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Prüfgeschwindigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Test speed __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The term test speed is preferably used in materials and plastics testing, regardless of the type of load and the duration of the load, but is also used to describe the speed of any type of deformation process, e.g. to analyse the flow speed [1−3]. ==...")
07:3607:36, 8 December 2025 Testing (hist | edit) [1,523 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Prüfen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Testing __FORCETOC__ Testing means determining whether the material value determined, taking into account the measurement uncertainty, meets one or more specified requirements (tolerances or error limits). Since most modern material and quality testing met...")
07:3307:33, 8 December 2025 Tensile Test Uniform Elongation (hist | edit) [6,023 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Zugversuch Gleichmaßdehnung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Tensile test uniform elongation (elongation without necking) __FORCETOC__ ==Uniform elongation and necking== In ductile materials with a yield point, a distinction is made between the global deformation areas ‘uniform elongation’ and ‘necking elongation’. Uniform s...")
07:3007:30, 8 December 2025 Tensile Test Residual Stresses Orientations (hist | edit) [9,884 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Zugversuch Eigenspannungen Orientierungen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Tensile test residual stresses orientations __FORCETOC__ ==Influence of residual stresses and orientations== The material value level of plastics depends to a large extent on external factors such as the test speed and temperature, as well as the test climate and test specimen...")
07:2807:28, 8 December 2025 Tensile Test Event-related Interpretation (hist | edit) [7,945 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Zugversuch Ereignisbezogene Interpretation}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Tensile test event-related interpretation __FORCETOC__ ==Informative character of the parameters== The tensile test is primarily used to determine the stress–strain behaviour under uniaxial tensile stress. The parameters derived from the tensile test repres...")
07:2507:25, 8 December 2025 Tensile Test Compliance (hist | edit) [7,891 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Zugversuch Nachgiebigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Tensile test compliance __FORCETOC__ ==Machine compliance== In tensile tests to characterise the deformation behaviour or elastic properties of plastics, it may not be possible to use measuring devices for direct measurement of the strain on the test specimen (strain ext...")
07:1907:19, 8 December 2025 Tensile Test (hist | edit) [23,280 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Zugversuch}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Tensile Test __FORCETOC__ ==Tensile test, purpose and importance== Tensile tests are one of the most frequently performed test methods in mechanical materials testing, alongside hardness measurement. They are used to characterize the strength and deformation behaviour under Uniaxial Stress State|uniaxia...")
07:1707:17, 8 December 2025 Tensile Strength (hist | edit) [6,299 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Zugfestigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Tensile strength __FORCETOC__ ==Definition of tensile strength== In conventional tensile tests on plastics, stress and strain-related characteristic values are determined in accordance with ISO 527-1, whereby the material parameters correspond to selected point...")
07:1607:16, 8 December 2025 Tensile Creep Test (hist | edit) [3,537 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Zeitstandzugversuch}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Tensile creep test __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The creep tensile test for determining resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC) is one of the three most important methods for testing the stress crack resistance of plastics, alongside the flexural strip method and the ball or pin indentation method [1]. The standardi...")
07:1507:15, 8 December 2025 Temperature Conductivity (hist | edit) [6,312 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Thermische Leitfähigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Thermal conductivity; Thermal diffusivity __FORCETOC__ ==Definition== From the physical point of view, a fundamental differentiation must be made between heat conductivity, which describes the transport of energy in a material, and temperature conductivity or thermal diffusivity. The temperature conductivity ''a'' is that velocity at which...")
07:1307:13, 8 December 2025 Tear Test (hist | edit) [6,864 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Weiterreißversuch}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Tear test __FORCETOC__ ==General== A method for characterising the tear behaviour of films and elastomeric materials that has proven itself in practice is the determination of the tear propagation resistance ''T''s under quasi-static test conditions by means of the tear test or tear propagation test. The te...")
06:4706:47, 8 December 2025 Surface Tension and Interfacial Tension (hist | edit) [18,018 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Oberflächenspannung und Grenzflächenspannung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Surface tension and interfacial tension ''(Author: Prof. Dr. H.-J. Radusch)'' __FORCETOC__ ==Surface tension== ===Definition=== The surface tension or specific surface energy corresponds to the force that acts tangentially to the interface in liquids at the boundary to...")
06:4506:45, 8 December 2025 Surface Energy (hist | edit) [18,648 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Oberflächenenergie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Surface energy __FORCETOC__ ==Basics== Surface energy – often also referred to as so-called surface tension, although not of the Pascal dimension – is a material property. In general, surface energy is defined as the free energy of surfaces at temperatures above absolute zero. Strictly speaking, however, the term "surface energy" would have...")
06:4306:43, 8 December 2025 SUMPTER and TURNER – J-Integral Estimation Method (hist | edit) [7,043 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Auswertemethode nach Sumpter und Turner}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ''J''-integral estimation method according to SUMPTER and TURNER (ST) __FORCETOC__ ==Basic assumption== ''J''-integral estimation methods are used for the determination of fracture-mechanical characteristic values according to the ''J''-integral concept. Su...")
06:4206:42, 8 December 2025 Stress (hist | edit) [5,119 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Beanspruchung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Stress __FORCETOC__ ==General== The stresses to which materials can be exposed temporarily or permanently during use are very diverse. They can occur individually or in combination. In the latter case, one also speaks of complex stresses. Typical basic stresses during use are *mechanical stresses: :→ Effects of forces and moments *chemical stress...")
06:4106:41, 8 December 2025 Strength (hist | edit) [8,087 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Festigkeit}}{{PSM_Infobox}} Strength __FORCETOC__ ==Definition of strength== The term ‘strength’ is frequently used in engineering and in materials and polymer testing as a synonym for maximum or ultimate stress, although it is not explicitly defined even in classic textbooks on technical mechanics [1–3], theoretical mechanic...")
06:4006:40, 8 December 2025 Strain Hardening Test (SHT) (hist | edit) [7,181 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Strain Hardening Test (SHT)}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Strain hardening test (SHT) __FORCETOC__ ==Methods for describing long-term behaviour as resistance to slow crack propagation== Conventional methods such as the Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT) or the Pennsylvania Edge Notch Tensile (PENT) Test for testing the lo...")
06:3806:38, 8 December 2025 Strain Gauge (hist | edit) [7,247 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Dehnmessstreifen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Strain gauge __FORCETOC__ ==Areas of application for strain gauges (DMS)== ===Mechanical extensometers=== Strain gauges, often referred to as DMS in German-speaking countries, are used in measurement and testing technology for various tasks [1, 2]. One major area of use is in strain sensor technology, where particularly light and precise mechanical...")
06:3506:35, 8 December 2025 Stiffness (hist | edit) [22,349 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Steifigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Stiffness __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The term stiffness is often used relatively uncritically in materials or polymer testing, and stiffness is frequently equated with the modulus of elasticity, even though the units of measurement for moduli and stiffness are different. In Materia...")
06:3006:30, 8 December 2025 Standard Small Bar (hist | edit) [3,165 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Normkleinstab}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Standard small specimen __FORCETOC__ ==General== The standard small bar is a test specimen with a rectangular cross-section. It is defined in the withdrawn standards for the impact bending test in Charpy arrangement, DIN 53453 [1] and DIN 53753 [2]. This specimen shape is no longer listed in the currently valid standard...")

14:4414:44, 5 December 2025 Surface (hist | edit) [12,867 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Oberfläche}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Surface __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The surface of components or semi-finished products corresponds to a thin outer surface layer in the thickness range of approx. 1 nm to several µm, which is decisive for the optical properties, such as colour, reflectivity and gloss, and the mechanical su...")
14:4414:44, 5 December 2025 Support Distance (hist | edit) [4,931 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Auflagerabstand}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Support distance or Support span __FORCETOC__ ==Definition== The support distance, also known as the support span, is the geometric distance between the abutments supporting the test specimen in the bending test, measured at the centre of the abutments. ==Support distance in the bending test== In the quasi-static bend...")
14:4314:43, 5 December 2025 Standard Atmospheres (hist | edit) [5,584 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Normklimate}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Standard atmospheres __FORCETOC__ ==Test specimen preparation and standard climate== The reproducibility of measurement results requires error-free production of test specimens and sufficient constancy of the test climate in terms of ambient temperature and humidity. The constancy of the internal test specimen condition...")
14:4314:43, 5 December 2025 Specimen for Fracture Mechanics Tests (hist | edit) [1,795 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Prüfkörper für bruchmechanische Prüfungen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Specimen for fracture mechanics tests ==Definition of terms== In the context of the Wiki-lexicon "Polymer Testing & Diagnostics", the term test specimen is used uniformly in connection with mechanical and fracture mechanics testing. Test sp...")
14:4114:41, 5 December 2025 Specimen Compliance (hist | edit) [17,036 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Probennachgiebigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} A-Bild-Technik __FORCETOC__ ==General== In material or polymer testing, the term ‘compliance’ refers to two fundamental factors that influence the determination of characteristic values. These are the so-called machine compliance as a property of a Material...")
14:4014:40, 5 December 2025 Specimen (hist | edit) [2,362 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Prüfkörper}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Specimen ==Definition== In the context of the WIKI-dictionary "Polymer Testing & Diagnostics", the term test specimen is used uniformly in connection with mechanical and fracture mechanics testing. Test specimens often have component-like or component-matched shapes and are specified and standardized in t...")
14:3814:38, 5 December 2025 Sound Velocity (hist | edit) [10,984 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schallgeschwindigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Sound velocity __FORCETOC__ ==General remarks== The sound velocity is an essential property of the medium through which sound travels and describes the time it takes for a wave or wave packet to travel the distance between two points in the medium. This parameter is a basic parameter of Ultrasound Testing|ultrasound tes...")
14:3714:37, 5 December 2025 Sound Test (hist | edit) [2,763 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Klangprüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Sound test __FORCETOC__ ==Sound as a sign of quality – Subjective sound testing== One of the oldest non-destructive testing methods is sound testing. This involves striking the workpiece (usually metal) with a hammer. The sound produced in the audible frequency range then provides information about whether a workpiec...")
14:3614:36, 5 December 2025 Sound Pressure (hist | edit) [4,327 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schalldruck}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Sound pressure __FORCETOC__ ==Definition== Sound pressure ''p'' is a physical measured variable (see also: material parameter) that is widely used in non-destructive polymer testing, particularly in acoustic resonance analysis and Ultrasound Testing|...")
14:3514:35, 5 December 2025 Sound Power (hist | edit) [3,357 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schallleistung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Sound power __FORCETOC__ ==Definition== Sound power is a material parameter that is widely used in non-destructive polymer testing, particularly in acoustic resonance analysis and ultrasound testing. It represents the sound energy emitted per unit...")
14:3414:34, 5 December 2025 Sound Emission Testing (hist | edit) [7,383 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schallemissionsprüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Signal sources and signal processing __FORCETOC__ ==Signal sources and signal processing== Sound emission testing is a quasi-non-destructive testing method that is linked to damage-inducing processes. The sound emissions released in the process can be caused by mechanical, biological or c...")
14:3114:31, 5 December 2025 Sound Emission Experimental Conditions (hist | edit) [8,057 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schallemission}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Sound emission experimental conditions __FORCETOC__ ==General== Sound emission testing is used on plastics to investigate damage behaviour and locate sources of acoustic emissions in components, and in materials testing and development to characterise dominant Deform...")
14:2614:26, 5 December 2025 Sound Emission Analysis (hist | edit) [6,536 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schallemissionsanalyse}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Sound emission analysis __FORCETOC__ ==General== One method of materials testing that has gained importance in recent years is sound emission analysis (SEA) or sound emission testing. This is an acoustic testing method for investigating sound emissions with the aim of determin...")
14:2514:25, 5 December 2025 Sound Emission (hist | edit) [1,736 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schallemission}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Sound emission __FORCETOC__ ==Definition== Sound emissions always occur in solids when certain material stresses are exceeded and elastic energy is released in the form of mechanical stress waves. 600px They can be caused by both microscopic and macroscopic processes. The emissions can be caused by...")
14:2514:25, 5 December 2025 Slenderness Ratio (hist | edit) [2,178 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schlankheitsgrad}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Slenderness ratio __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals== The slenderness ratio is used to evaluate the geometric suitability of test specimens for determining material values in compression tests and for calculating the critical buckling stress. When subjected to compressive stress, the test specimen must...")
14:2414:24, 5 December 2025 Sink Mark (hist | edit) [3,470 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Einfallstelle}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Sink mark In the injection moulding process of plastic components, a volume contraction ( shrinkage) occurs during cooling. In areas of mass accumulation or large wall thicknesses, this volume contraction of the melt is increased, whereby the reducing volume cannot be replaced by new melt as the injection channel has already so...")
14:2114:21, 5 December 2025 Shrink Voids (hist | edit) [4,946 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Vakuolen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Schrink Voids __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The terms “vacuoles”, “shrink holes” and “vacuences” are also used synonymously in Anglo-Saxon literature. During the injection moulding process, a volume contraction (shrinkage) occurs when the moulded part (see: moulding compounds) cools in t...")

8 December 2025

5 December 2025