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Welcome to the PSM Lexicon "Plastics Testing and Diagnostics" from Polymer Service GmbH Merseburg (PSM)!

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A

• Abbreviated Terms – Plastics (see Plastics – Symbols and Abbreviated Terms)
• Abrasion Elastomers
• Absorption Light (see Light Absorption)
• Absorption Sound Waves
• Acoustic Emission
• Acoustic Microscopy (see Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM))
• Acoustic Properties
• Accreditation and Certification
• Adhesive Joints – Determination of Characteristic Values
• Adjustment
• Ageing
• Ageing Elastomers
• Air-Ultrasound
• Altstädt, Volker
• Anisotropy
• Ashing Method
• Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

B

• Bakelite
• Ball Indentation Hardness IRHD (see IRHD Hardness)
• BARENBLATT Crack Model (see Crack Model according to BARENBLATT)
• Barrier Plastics
• Barcol Hardness
• BCS Crack Model (see Crack Models)
• BEGLEY and LANDES – J-Integral Estimation Method
• Bend Loading
• Bend Test
• Bend Test and Sound Emission Analysis
• Bend Test Compliance
• Bend Test – Influences
• Bend Test – Shear Stress
• Bend Test – Specimen Preparation
• Bend Test – Specimen Shapes
• Bend Test – Test Influences
• Bend Test – Yield Stress
• Bierögel, Christian
• Bio-Plastics
• Bio-Plastics – Impact-Modified
• Blowholes (see Shrink Voids)
• Blumenauer, Horst
• BOLTZMANN's Superposition Principle
• Brittle Fracture Promoting Factors
• Brittle-Tough Transition
• Brittle Fracture (see Fracture Types, Component Failure and Fractography)
• Brittle-Tough Transition Temperature
• Bulk Density

C

• Calibration
• Capillary Rheometer
• Characteristic Values (see Material Value)
• Charpy Impact Test (see Impact Test)
• Charpy Testing
• Clamping Jaws (see Specimen Clamping)
• Colour Penetration Test
• Compact Tension (CT) Specimen
• Compact Tension Shear (CTS) Specimen
• Compliance Method (see J-Compliance Method)
• Component Failure
• Component Testing
• Compression After Impact Test
• Composite Materials Testing
• Compression Hardness
• Compression Strength
• Compression Test
• Compression Test Arrangement
• Compression Test Compliance
• Constraint Factor (see J-Integral Concept)
• Constant Tensile Load Method (see Tensile Creep Test)
• Continuum Mechanics
• Corrected Beam Theory (CBT) (see Adhesive Joints – Determination of Characteristic Values)
• Correspondence Principle
• Crack
• Crack Formation
• Crack Initiation
• Crack Models
• Crack Model according to BARENBLATT
• Crack Model according to DUGDALE
• Crack Model according to GRIFFITH
• Crack Model according to IRWIN and Mc CLINTOCK
• Crack Opening
• Crack Opening Modes
• Crack Propagation
• Crack Propagation Energy
• Crack Resistance (R) Curve
• Crack Resistance Curve – Experimental Methods
• Crack Resistance Curve – Elastomers Quasistatic
• Crack Tip Opening Displacement Concept (CTOD)
• Crack Toughness
• Craze-Types
• Craze (see Micromechanics & Nanomechanics)
• Crazing
• Creep Behaviour – Creep Compression Test
• Creep Behaviour – Determination
• Creep Behaviour – Flexural Creep Test
• Creep Behaviour – Recovery Test
• Creep Behaviour – Tensile Creep Test
• Creep Compression Test
• Creep Current Resistance
• Creep Plastics
• Crescent Specimen
• Crosshead Speed
• Crystallinity
• Cross-Linking Elastomers
• CT-Specimen (see Compact Tension (CT) Specimen)
• Curing

D

• Damage Analysis (see Failure Analysis – Basics)
• Damage Analysis of Plastic Products (see Failure Analysis Plastics Products, VDI Guideline 3822)
• DCB-Specimen (Double-Cantilever Beam)
• Deformation
• Deformation Mechanisms
• Deformation Rate
• Density
• Degree of Cross-Linking Elastomers
• Depth of Field Microscope
• Dielectric Loss Factor
• Dielectric Properties
• Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
• Drives for Materials Testing Machines
• Ductility Plastics
• DUGDALE Crack Model (see Crack Model according to DUGDALE)
• Durability Elastomers
• Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis (DMA) – General Principles
• Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis (DMA) – Bend Loading
• Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis (DMA) – Torsional Stress
• Dynstat Impact Test (see Impact Test)

E

• Effective Crack Length
• Ehrenstein, Gottfried W.
• Elasticity
• Elastic Modulus
• Elastic Modulus – Examples and Material Values
• Elastic Modulus – Ultrasonic Measurement
• Elastomers
• Elastomer Dispersion Filler
• Electrical Conductivity
• Electrical Strength
• Electro-mechanical Force Transducer
• Electron Microscopy
• Electronic Instrumentation
• Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI)
• Elongation at Break (see Tensile Strength)
• ENF-Specimen (End-Notched Flexure)
• Energy Elasticity
• Energy Release Rate
• Entanglements (see Polymers & Structure, Entropy Elasticity and Degree of Cross-Linking Elastomers)
• Entropy Elasticity
• Entry Point (see Sink Mark)
• Environmental Stress Cracking Resistance
• Equivalent Energy Concept – Application Limits
• Equivalent Energy Concept – Basics
• Errors
• Error Limit
• Experimental Compliance Method (ECM) (see Adhesive Joints – Determination of Characteristic Values)
• Extended CTOD Concept

F

• Failure Analysis – Basics
• Failure Analysis Plastics Products, VDI Guideline 3822
• Fatigue
• Fatigue Strength
• Fatigue Crack Propagation Elastomers
• Fibre–Matrix Adhesion
• Fibre-reinforced Plastics
• Fibre-reinforced Plastics Fracture Model
• Fibre Orientation
• Fibrillation (see Crazing, Craze-Types and Multiple Crazing)
• Fixed-arm Peel Test
• Film Testing
• Flexural Creep Test
• Flexural Modulus
• Flexural Strength
• Flexural Test (see Bend Test)
• FLORY-HUGGINS Interaction Parameter (see Degree of Cross-Linking Elastomers)
• FLORY-REHNER Theory (see Degree of Cross-Linking Elastomers)
• Four Point Bend Test (see Bend Test and Bend Test – Influences)
• Fracture
• Fractography
• Fracture Behaviour
• Fracture Behaviour of Plastics Components
• Fracture Formation
• Fracture Mechanical Testing
• Fracture Mechanics
• Fracture Mechanics Test Specimens
• Fracture Modes
• Fracture Mirror
• Fracture Parables
• Fracture Process Zone
• Fracture Safety Criterion
• Fracture Surface
• Fracture Toughness (see Fracture Mechanics)
• Fracture Types
• Free Falling Dart Method
• Frequency Analysis
• Friction (see Bend Test – Influences)
• FTIR Spectroscopy
• Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT)

G

• Gas Bubbles
• Geometry Criterion
• Geometry Function
• Glass Fibre Orientation
• Glass Transition Temperature
• Gloss
• Gloss Measurement
• Glowing Hot-Wire Test
• Goodyear, Charles Nelson
• Grellmann, Wolfgang
• Griffith, Alan Arnold
• GRIFFITH's crack model (see Crack Model according to GRIFFITH)
• GRIFFITH's Criteria
• GRIFFITH's Theory

H

• Hardness
• HAGEN-POISSEUILLE-Equation (see Capillary Rheometer)
• Heat Conductivity (see Thermal Conductivity)
• Heat Distortion Temperature HDT
• Heat Resistance
• HERTZIAN Pressure
• Heterogeneity
• High-Speed Tensile Test
• HOOKE's Law
• Hole Formation Films
• Hole Formation Plastics
• HRR Crack Model (see Crack Models)
• Hybrid Methods of Plastic Diagnostics
• Hybrid Methods, Examples

I

• ICIT (see Instrumented Charpy Impact Test)
• ICIT – Energy Method
• ICIT – Experimental Conditions
• ICIT – Extended Stop-Block Method
• ICIT – Influence of Pendulum Hammer Velocity
• ICIT – Limits of Fracture Mechanics Evaluation
• ICIT – Nonlinear Material Behaviour
• ICIT – Specimen Length Method
• ICIT – Stop Block Method
• ICIT – Support Span Method
• ICIT – Types of Impact Load–Deflection Diagrams
• Impact Loading Free-falling Dart Test
• Impact Loading High-Speed Testing
• Impact Loading Pendulum Impact Tester
• Impact Loading Plastics
• Impact Test
• In-situ Tensile Test in ESEM with AE
• In-situ Tensile Test in NMR
• Indentation Fracture Mechanics
• Indentation Modulus
• Indenter
• Induction Time (see Thermostability PVC)
• Initial Crack Length
• Inertial Load
• Instrumentation (see Electronic Instrumentation)
• Instrumented Adhesion Test
• Instrumented Charpy Impact Test (ICIT)
• Instrumented Hardness Measurement – Creep
• Instrumented Hardness Measurement – Indentation Depth Measurement with Modified Contact Foot
• Instrumented Hardness Measurement – Relaxation
• Instrumented Hardness Measurement with Tempering
• Instrumented Hardness Testing – Method & Material Parameters
• Instrumented Puncture Impact Test
• Instrumented Scratch Testing
• Instrumented Tensile Impact Test (ITIT)
• Instrumented Tensile Impact Test (ITIT), Examples
• Interlaminar Shear Strength
• IRHD Hardness
• IRWIN and Mc CLINTOCK crack model (see Crack Model according to IRWIN and Mc CLINTOCK)
• IRWIN-KIES Equation (see Adhesive Joints – Determination of Characteristic Values)
• ITIT (see Instrumented Tensile Impact Test)
• IZOD Impact Test (see Impact Test)

J

• J-Compliance Method
• J-Integral Concept
• J-Integral Evaluation Methods (Overview)
• J-integral Estimation Methods of

- BEGLEY and LANDES (see BEGLEY and LANDES – J-Integral Estimation Method (BL))

- RICE, PARIS and MERKLE (see RICE, PARIS and MERKLE – J-Integral Estimation Method (RPM))

- SUMPTER and TURNER (see SUMPTER and TURNER – J-Integral Estimation Method (ST))

- MERKLE and CORTEN (see MERKLE and CORTEN – J-Integral Estimation Method (MC))

- KANAZAWA (see KANAZAWA – J-Integral Estimation Method (K))

• JTJ-Concept

K

• Kausch, Hans-Henning
• KIRCHHOFF's Law of Radiation (see Thermography)
• KNOOP Hardness
• KANAZAWA – J-Integral Estimation Method

L

• LAMBERT-BEER's Law (see Light Absorption)
• Laser-Cross-Unit
• Laser Double-Scanner
• Laser Extensometry
• Laser Extensometry – Local Strain Control
• Laser Heterogeneity of Strain Distribution
• Laser Longitudinal-Transverse Scanner
• Laser Multi-Scanner
• Layer Silicate-reinforced Polymers
• Levels of Knowledge in Fracture Mechanics
• Light Absorption
• Linear-elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) (see Fracture Mechanics)
• Linear-Viscoelastic Behaviour
• Load Cell (see Elektro-Mechanical Force Transducer and Piezoelectric Force Transducer)
• Load Framework

M

• Machine Compliance
• Macrodispersion Degree Elastomers
• Manufacturer of Material Testing Machines
• Material Science & Plastics
• Materials Science
• Material Parameter
• Materials Technology & Materials Science
• Material Testing Machine
• Material & Werkstoff
• Material Value
• Materials Testing
• MAXWELL Model
• Measure
• Measured Value
• Measured Value Accuracy
• Measured Variable
• Measurement Deviation
• Measuring Accuracy
• Measuring Device Monitoring
• Measuring Uncertainty
• Melt Mass-Flow Rate (MFR))
• Menges, Georg
• MERKLE and CORTEN – J-Integral Estimation Method (MC)
• Michler, Goerg
• Microcrack (see Crack)
• Micro-Damage Limit
• Micromechanics & Nanomechanics
• Micropores
• Microscopic Structure
• Mixed-Mode Crack Propagation
• MMB-Specimen
• Moulded Part (see Moulding Compound)
• Moulding Compound
• Modulus of Elasticity (see Elastic Modulus)
• Moulding Compound Test
• MPK-Procedure MPK-ICIT
• MPK-Procedure MPK-ITIT
• MTS (Maximum Tensile Stress) Criterion (see Mixed-Mode Crack Propagation
• Multiaxial Stress State
• Multiple Crazing
• Multipurpose Test Specimen

N

• Non-destructive Polymer Testing
• Non-destructive Testing (NDT)
• Notch
• Notched Impact Test
• Notched Tensile Impact Test
• Notch Geometry
• Notch Impact Strength (see Notched Impact Test)
• Notch Insertion (see Notching)
• Notching
• Notch Sensitivity

O

• Orientation (see Tensile Test Residual Stresses Orientations)
• Overview about J-Integral Evaluation Methods (see J-Integral Evaluation Methods (Overview))

P

• PARIS–ERDOGAN Equation (see Fatigue Crack Propagation Elastomers)
• Particle-filled Thermoplastics
• Peel Angle
• Peel Force
• Peel Force – Elongation Diagram
• Peeling Process
• Peel Properties of Peel Systems
• Peel Test
• Pennsylvania Edge Notch Tensile (PENT) Test
• Peripheral Fibre Strain
• Phase Boundary Surface
• Piezo Ceramics
• Piezoelectric Effect (see Piezoelectric Force Transducer and Piezoelectric Ceramic)
• Piezoelectric Force Transducer
• Plane Stress and Strain State
• Plastic Films & Varnishes – Surface Technology
• Plastic Zone
• Plastic Component
• Plastics
• Plastics – Symbols and Abbreviated Terms
• Plastography
• Poisson's Ratio
• Polarisation Optical Examination
• Polymer
• Polymer Blend
• Polymer Diagnostic
• Polymers & Structure
• Polymer Testing
• Processing Shrinkage
• Producer Material Testing Machines (see: Manufacturer Material Testing Machines)
• Polymer Service GmbH Merseburg (PSM)
• Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Technique
• Puncture Impact Test
• Pure Shear-Specimen

Q

• Quasi-Static Test Methods

R

• Radusch, Hans-Joachim
• Ramps, Clods and Steps
• Rebound Resilience Elastomers
• Refraction Index
• Reincke, Katrin
• Relaxation Behaviour Determination
• Relaxation Plastics
• RICE, PARIS and MERKLE – J-Integral Estimation Method
• Reflection Light
• Refraction Light
• Residual Stress ( see Tensile Test Residual Stresses Orientations)
• Resolution Material Testing Machine
• Resolution Microscop
• Round Specimen
• Round Robin Test

S

• Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM)
• Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
• Scratch Hardness
• Scratch Resistance
• Sealed Beam
• Seidler, Sabine
• SENB-Specimen (Single-Edge-Notched-Bend)-specimen
• SENT-Specimen (Single-Edge-Notched-Tension)-specimen
• Servo-Hydraulic Testing Machine
• Shear Band Formation
• Shear Modulus
• Shear Viscosity
• Shearography
• SHORE Hardness
• SHORE Hardness – Material Development Elastomers
• Short Symbols – Plastics (see Plastics – Symbols and Abbreviated Terms)
• Short-beam Bend Test (see Interlaminar Shear Strength)
• Short-fibre Reinforced Plastics
• Shrink Voids
• Shrinkage (see Processing Shrinkage)
• Shrinkage Test
• Simple Beam Theory (SBT) (see Adhesive Joints – Determination of Characteristic Values)
• Sink Mark
• Slenderness Ratio
• Slow Crack Growth
• Sound Emission
• Sound Emission Analysis
• Sound Emission Experimental Conditions
• Sound Emission Testing
• Specimen
• Specimen Clamping
• Specimen Compliance
• Specimen for Fracture Mechanics Tests
• Speed (see Velocity)
• Spherulitic Structure
• Stability Time (see Thermostability PVC)
• Standard Atmospheres
• Standard Small Bar
• STEFAN-BOLTZMANN Constant (see Thermography)
• Stepped Isothermal Method, Macro Indentation Method
• Stepped Isothermal Method, Tensile Stress
• Stiffness (Steifigkeit) (see Machine Compliance and Specimen Compliance)
• Strain Gauge
• Strain Hardening Test (SHT)
• Strain Rate Applications
• Strain Rate Basics
• Strength
• Stress
• Stress Cracking Resistance (see Environmental Stress Cracking Resistance)
• Stress Intensity Factor (see Fracture Mechanics and SENB-Specimen)
• SUMPTER and TURNER – J-Integral Estimation Method (ST) – J-integral estimation method
• Support Distance
• Surface
• Surface Energy
• Surface Resistance
• Surface Tension and Interfacial Tension
• Surface Testing Technology

T

• T-Peel Test
• Tear Test
• Tearing Energy (see Trouser Specimen)
• Temperature Conductivity
• Temperature-modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TMDSC)
• Tensile Creep Test
• Tensile Impact Test
• Tensile Strain at Break (see Tensile Strength)
• Tensile Strength
• Tensile Test
• Tensile Test and Sound Emission Analysis
• Tensile Test Compliance
• Tensile Test Control
• Tensile Test Event-Related Interpretation
• Tensile Test Influences
• Tensile Test Overlapping Creep Relaxation
• Tensile Test Residual Stresses Orientations
• Tensile Test True Stress–Strain Diagram
• Tensile Test Uniform Elongation
• Tensile Test Specimen (see Multipurpose Test Specimen)
• Test Climate
• Testing
• Testing of Composite Materials (see Composite Materials Testing)
• Testing Microcomponents
• Testing Plastic Packaging
• Test Specimen (see Specimen)
• Test Speed
• TDCB-Specimen (Tapered-Double-Cantilever Beam-specimen)
• Thermal Conductivity
• Thermal Diffusivity (see Temperature Conductivity)
• Thermal Expansion Coefficient
• Thermal Strain Analysis
• Thermal Stress Analysis
• Thermoelastic Effect
• Thermography
• Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
• Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)
• Thermoplastic Material
• Thermosets
• Thermostability PVC
• Threads, Tips and Films
• Three-point Bend Test (see Bend Test and Bend Test – Influences)
• Three-point Bend Specimen (see SENB-Specimen)
• Time–Temperature Shift Law
• Toughness (Zähigkeit)
• Toughness Temperature Dependence
• Transmission Light
• Transmission Electron Microscopy
• Transmission Sound Waves
• Trapezoidal Specimen
• Triaxial Loading (see Multiaxial Stress State)
• Trouser Specimen

U

• Ultrasonic Angle Beam Sensors
• Ultrasonic Birefringence
• Ultrasonic Composite Sensors
• Ultrasonic Direct Coupling
• Ultrasound – Elastic Parameters
• Ultrasonic Immersion Bath Technique
• Ultrasonic Immersion Bath Sensors
• Ultrasonic Microscopy (see Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM))
• Ultrasonic Phased Array Sensors
• Ultrasonic Pulse-echo Technique (see Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Technique)
• Ultrasonic Runtime Measurement
• Ultrasonic Sensors
• Ultrasonic Standard Sensors
• Ultrasound Testing
• Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technique
• Ultrasound Velocity (see Ultrasonic Runtime Measurement)
• Ultrasonic Weld Inspection
• Ultrasonic Wall Thickness Measurement
• Uniaxial Stress State
• Universal Testing Machine (see Material Testing Machine)
• Ultrasonic Transmitter(S)-Receiver(E) Sensor
• Ultrasonic Waves Reflection
• Uniform Elongation (see Tensile Test Uniform Elongation)

V

• Vacuoles (see Shrink Voids)
• Velocity
• Verification
• Vibration Fracture
• Vibration-induced Creep Fracture
• Vicat Softening Temperature
• Vickers Hardness
• Video Extensometry
• Viscoelastic Material Behaviour
• Viscosity
• Volume Resistance
• Volume Swelling Elastomers
• Vu-Khanh Method (Vulkanisation)

W

• Water Absorption
• Waves and Arrest Lines
• Wear (see Abrasion Elastomers)
• WinICIT-Software
• Wheatstone Bridge (see Strain Gauge)
• Weld Line
• WU & FOWKES method (see Surface Tension and Interfacial Tension)

Y

• YOUNG-DUPRÉ Equation (see Surface Energy)
• Young's Modulus (see IRHD Hardness and Elastic Modulus)
• Yield Fracture Mechanics (see Fracture Mechanics)
• Yield Point (see Yield Stress)
• Yield Stress

Categories

• Acoustic Test Methods/Ultrasonics
• Ageing
• Bend Test
• Color and Gloss
• Compression Test
• Creep Behaviour Plastics
• Damage Analysis/Component Failure
• Deformation
• Elastomers
• Electrical and Dielectrical Testing
• Fatigue
• Film Testing
• Fire Behaviour
• Fracture Mechanics
• Hardness
• Hybrid Methods
• Impact Tests
• Implant Testing
• Instrumented Impact Test
• Laser Extensometry
• Light
• Material Scientists/Polymer Scientists
• Measurement Testing Technology (Measurement Data Aquisition)
• Morphology and Micromechanics
• Optical Field Measurement Methods
• Peel Test
• Plastics
• Process-related Properties
• Scientific Disciplines
• Specimen
• Specimen Preparation
• Stress Cracking Resistance
• Surface Testing Technology
• Tensile Test
• Thermoanalytical Methods
• Velocity