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Show new changes starting from 07:29, 5 December 2025

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3 December 2025

N 14:14

Pure Shear-Specimen diffhist +14,238 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Pure Shear-Prüfkörper}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Pure Shear-specimen __FORCETOC__ ==Test specimen shapes for elastomer testing== The Pure Shear-specimen is used alongside the Single-Edge-Notched Bend (SENB) specimen and the Trouser specimen to determine the fracture mechanical properties of elastomer materials [1‒4]. The application of Fractur...")

N 14:13

Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Technique diffhist +6,382 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Ultraschall-Impuls-Echo-Technik}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Pulse-echo ultrasonic technique __FORCETOC__ ==Advantages and capabilities== The non-destructive ultrasonic testing technique is separated in two important classical test methods, which are called reflection (pulse-echo) technique and trough-transmission technique [1]. Independent of Ultrasonic Direct Coupling | ultrasonic direct...")

N 14:11

Processing Shrinkage diffhist +11,177 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schwindung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Processing shrinkage __FORCETOC__ ==Definition== The term "shrinkage" or "dwindling" generally refers to an irreversible physical process caused by the cooling of an injection-moulded plastic part or the curing of a thermoset plastic. In this process, the volume and dimensions of the moulded part decrease in comparison to the original mould or moulding ne...")

N 14:10

Polymer Testing diffhist +6,608 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kunststoffprüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Polymer testing __FORCETOC__ ==Plastics testing as a scientific discipline== In the literature, the field of knowledge was initially referred to relatively inconsistently as ‘Werkstoffprüfung der Hochpolymere (materials testing of high polymers)’, ‘Plastwerkstoffprüfung (plastic materials testing)’ or ‘Polymerwerk...")

N 14:07

Polymers & Structure diffhist +9,788 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kunststoffe – Aufbau}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Polymers & structure (Author: Prof. Dr. G. H. Michler) __FORCETOC__ ==Structure and composition of polymers== ===Molecular Structures=== Polymers consist of a large number of identical or different monomer units that are chemically linked together like pearls in a pearl necklace and form giant molecules – macromolecules. Herm...")

N 14:07

Polymer Service GmbH Merseburg diffhist +5,900 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=PSM}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Polymer Service GmbH Merseburg (PSM) __FORCETOC__ In view of the existing German-wide gaps, particularly in the Central German region, between basic research and application-orientated research on the one hand and industry-related research and development on the other, Polymer Service GmbH Merseburg (PSM) has defined its activities in this field. The founding of...")

N 14:06

Polymer Diagnostic diffhist +7,698 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kunststoffdiagnostik}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Polymer Diagnostics __FORCETOC__ '''Polymer testing/Polymer diagnostic and Polymer diagnostic/Damage analysis but also Plastics testing and plastics diagnostics''' Polymer diagnostics refers to a modern field of knowledge that is often used in the literature as ‘polymer testing/polymer diagnostics’ or ‘plastic diagnosti...")

N 13:51

Polymer diffhist +4,919 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Polymer}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Polymer __FORCETOC__ ==Definition== The term ‘polymer’ refers to chemical compounds consisting of chain or branched molecules (macromolecules), which in turn consist of a large number of identical or similar units, known as monomers (see Weblinks). Polymers are substances (macromolecules) whose molecular weights are in an integer ratio to e...")

N 13:50

Poisson's Ratio diffhist +5,365 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Poissonzahl}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Poisson's ratio or Traverse contraction __FORCETOC__ ==Definition of Poisson´s ratio== Assuming a slender round test specimen which is in the plane stress state, a measurable reduction in cross-section Δ''d'' occurs in addition to the elongation Δ''l'' of the test specimen during tensile loading as a result of volume constanc...")

N 13:50

Plastics – Symbols and Abbreviated Terms diffhist +6,180 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kurzzeichen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Plastics – Symbols and abbreviated terms __FORCETOC__ The abbreviations for plastics are often based on the basic polymers which are content on it. The upper-case letters used for this purpose are given in: ==ISO 1043: Plastics – Symbols and abbreviated terms== * Part 1 (2011-11): Basic Polymers and their Special Characteristics, modified by ISO 1...")

N 13:49

Plastics diffhist +4,515 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kunststoffe}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Plastics __FORCETOC__ ==Definition== The term ‘plastics’ refers to synthetic organic materials that contain '''macromolecules''' as essential components [1]. All natural materials (rubber, protein, cellulose) and plastics contain molecules as their smallest particles, which in turn consist of a large number of atoms. The term ‘macromolecule’ tak...")

N 13:47

Pennsylvania Edge Notch Tensile (PENT) Test diffhist +6,063 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Pennsylvania Edge Notch Tensile (PENT) Test}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Pennsylvania Edge Notch Tensile (PENT) Test __FORCETOC__ ==Characterisation of slow crack growth== The Pennsylvania Edge Notch Tensile (PENT) test ('''Fig. 1'''), developed by N. Brown and his colleagues [1] and standardised in ISO 16241 [2], induced the same type of quasi-brittle fracture (see: Fracture Types|fracture t...")

N 13:45

Particle-filled Thermoplastics diffhist +20,708 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Teilchengefüllte Kunststoffe}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Particle-filled plastics __FORCETOC__ ==Definition== The terms “particle-filled plastics” or “particle-plastic composites” are synonymous with an extremely heterogeneous group of materials that are determined by the type of particles, the particle volume fraction and distribution as well as the pa...")

N 13:39

Notch Sensitivity diffhist +12,860 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kerbempfindlichkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Notch Sensitivity __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The impact strength (see: Impact test), determined on unnotched test specimens, and the notched impact strength (see: Notched impact test), determined on notched test specimens of a plastic, are of particular technical...")

N 13:35

Notching diffhist +15,520 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kerbeinbringung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Notching or Notch insertion __FORCETOC__ ==General information== To characterise the toughness of plastics, impact and notch impact tests with different types of stress are used depending on the dominant material behaviour [1]. For brittle materials or for testing at very l...")

N 13:32

Notch Geometry diffhist +3,069 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kerbgeometrie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Notch geometry __FORCETOC__ ==Notch forms for the Charpy notched impact test== In the conventional notched impact test according to ISO 179-1 [1] or ISO 180 [2], notched test specimens with the dimension 80 x 10 x 4 mm3 are used, which are usually made of multipurpose test specimens [3]. In...")

N 13:31

Notch diffhist +3,175 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kerb}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Notch __FORCETOC__ ==Definition== The distinction between the fracture mechanics terms notch and crack is often somewhat blurred in the literature. Notches and cracks differ in that the inner boundary surfaces of a crack are in contact in the unloaded state, whereas they are not in the case of a notch. From a mathematical point of view...")

N 13:18

Multipurpose Test Specimen diffhist +3,841 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Vielzweckprüfkörper}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Multipurpose test specimen __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals== The multipurpose test specimen used for the polymer testing is standardised by ISO 3167 [1]. The '''figure 1''' shows the specified geometries for the multipurpose test specimen of type 1A and 1B as well as permissible specimen's forms according to ISO 527 [2]. file:multipurposespecimen...")

N 13:16

Multiple Crazing diffhist +7,085 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Vielfach-Craze-Bildung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Multiple Crazing or Multiple craze formation (Author: Prof. Dr. G. H. Michler) __FORCETOC__ ==Introduction== For many years, the toughness of brittle polymer materials has been technically improved by modifying them with rubber particles. Extensively investigated model examples are impact-resistant and high-impac...")

N 13:15

MPK-Procedure MPK-ITIT diffhist +146 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{PSM_Infobox}} *[https://www.polymerservice-merseburg.de/fileadmin/inhalte/psm/veroeffentlichungen/MPK_IKZV_englisch.pdf MPK-Procedure MPK-ITIT]")

N 13:15

MPK-Procedure MPK-ICIT diffhist +184 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{PSM_Infobox}} *[https://www.polymerservice-merseburg.de/fileadmin/inhalte/psm/veroeffentlichungen/MPK_IKBV_englisch.pdf MPK-Procedure MPK-ICIT] category:Instrumented Impact Test")

N 13:13

Mixed-Mode Crack Propagation diffhist +10,372 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Mixed-Mode-Rissausbreitung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Mixed-mode crack propagation in brittle thermoplastics __FORCETOC__ ==Introduction== In the context of fracture mechanics toughness evaluation, three crack opening modes must be distinguished according to the three spatial directions, which either act individually or are superimposed in different wa...")

N 13:12

Microscopic Structure diffhist +4,827 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Mikroskopische Struktur}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Microscopic structure __FORCETOC__ ==Chemical and physical structure of polymers== In addition to the macroscopic structure of polymer material systems, the microscopic structure of the polymers, polymer blends or polymer composites involved is of great importance with regard to their inf...")

N 13:09

Micromechanics & Nanomechanics diffhist +12,996 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Mikro- und Nanomechanik}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Micromechanics & Nanomechanics (''Author: Prof. Dr. G. H. Michler'') __FORCETOC__ ==Introduction== The various applications of plastics require the full utilization of a material's property potential. However, the mechanical properties are particularly important for almost all applications, as the actual application properties...")

N 13:09

Micro-Damage Limit diffhist +2,940 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Mikroschädigungsgrenze}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Micro-damage limit __FORCETOC__ ==Importance of introducing micro-damage limits== The Knowledge of the micro-damage limit of plastics is particularly important for an event-related interpretation of the deformation phases of stress tests (especially quasi-static tensile tests,...")

N 13:08

MERKLE and CORTEN – J-Integral Estimation Method diffhist +4,963 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Auswertemethode nach Merkle und Corten}} {{PSM_Infobox}} J-integral estimation method according to Merkle and Corten (MC) __FORCETOC__ ==Basic assumption of the estimation method== J-integral estimation methods are used to determine fracture-mechanical characteristic values according to the J-Integral Concept | J-in...")

N 13:06

Melt Mass-Flow Rate diffhist +5,728 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schmelze-Massefließrate}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Melt mass-flow rate (MFR) (Author: Prof. Dr. H.-J. Radusch) __FORCETOC__ ==Measure of the MFR== The melt index (MFR = Melt Mass-Flow Rate, the former MFI = Melt Flow Index) characterises the flow behaviour of a thermoplastic material. For measuring the MFR, melt index gauge systems, whic...")

N 13:05

Melt Volume-Flow Rate diffhist +3,470 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schmelze-Volumenfließrate}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Melt volume-flow rate (MVR) (Author: Prof. Dr. H.-J- Radusch) __FORCETOC__ ==Measurement of melt-volume flow rate (MVR)== The melt-volume flow rate (MVR = melt-volume flow rate or, conversely, MVI = melt volume index) is used to characterise the flow behaviour of a thermoplastic material. Melt index testers are u...")

			N 13:05		Measuring Uncertainty 2 changes history +12,253 [Oluschinski (2×)]
					13:05 (cur \| prev) +22 Oluschinski talk contribs
			N		13:03 (cur \| prev) +12,231 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel\|LANG=ger\|ARTIKEL=Messunsicherheit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} <span style="font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;">Measuring uncertainty</span> __FORCETOC__ ==Definition of measurement uncertainty== The measurement uncertainty of the estimated value of a physical quantity limits a value range within which the true value of the measured parameter lies with a probability to be specified (95 % is usually specified). The result of a measurement is only defined by the estim...")

N 13:02

Measuring Device Monitoring diffhist +5,287 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Messmittelüberwachung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Measuring device Monitoring __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Quality management systems such as ISO 9001 [1] or ISO 17025 [2] require regular monitoring of the quality-relevant test and measuring equipment used in the production process or in laboratory operations. ==Measuring equipment== Measuring equipment refers to measuring instrumen...")

N 13:02

Measuring Accuracy diffhist +4,109 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Messgenauigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Measuring accuracy __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamental intruduction== A measurement is always subject to a certain degree of technical measurement uncertainty, which is expressed in the respective measurement result. The accuracy of the measured value (often also referred to as measurement accuracy) is documented in the approximati...")

N 13:01

Measured Variable diffhist +2,542 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Messgröße}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Measuring variable __FORCETOC__ A measured variable is a physical quantity that is determined by a measurement process. Typical physical measured variables include force, length, mass, temperature, time, etc. The value of the measured variable obtained from a measuring device is referred to as the measured value; it is formed from a nu...")

N 13:01

Measured Value diffhist +1,237 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Messwert}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Measured value __FORCETOC__ The value of a measured variable obtained from a measuring device, measuring system or measuring equipment is referred to as a measured value. It consists of a numerical value and the physical unit. According to DIN 1301, numerical values should be between 0.1 and 1,000. Prefixes for units of measurement sho...")

N 13:00

Measure diffhist +3,480 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Messen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Measure __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals== Measurement is an experimental process based on one or more physical principles of action, through which a characteristic value is determined as a multiple of a unit or reference value, supplemented by the measurement uncertainty, and is not identical to testing (see: Testing...")

N 13:00

Materials Testing diffhist +6,088 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Werkstoffprüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Materials Testing __FORCETOC__ ==Development of the scientific discipline== The development of the scientific discipline of ‘materials testing’ is closely linked to the dynamic development in materials science and materials engineering. The textbooks written by Blumenauer [1−3] provide an excellent...")

N 12:59

Material Value diffhist +2,657 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Werkstoffkennwert}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Material value __FORCETOC__ ==Terminology== Material values (also characteristic values) represent the quantitative relationship between the material properties and the stress conditions for a particular material. A material value thus represents a numerical value with the associated physical unit of the property (see Material Parameter|material p...")

N 12:59

Material & Werkstoff diffhist +9,285 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Werkstoff & Material}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Material & Werkstoff __FORCETOC__ ==Terminology== The targeted use of materials such as wood and bone, stone, glass/ceramics and metals as well as polymer materials, composite materials and material composites has been taking place for thousands of years. Materials have shaped entire epochs in the development of civilization, so i...")

N 12:59

Material Testing Machine diffhist +5,024 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Materialprüfmaschine}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Material testing machine __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Materials testing machines, synonymously also referred to as universal testing machines (UTM), also known as tensile testing machines and simplified universal tester or testing machines, are used to determine physical (mechanical) material properties in materials testing, plastics te...")

N 12:58

Materials Technology & Materials Science diffhist +8,691 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Werkstoffkunde & Werkstoffwissenschaft}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Materials Technology & Materials Science (Author: Prof. Dr. H.-J. Radusch) __FORCETOC__ ==The beginnings of materials development== The empirical development of materials began in prehistoric times, when people learnt to process natural materials in order to make better use of them for everyday purpos...")

N 12:58

Material Parameter diffhist +2,381 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Werkstoffkenngröße}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Material parameter __FORCETOC__ ==Terminology== A material parameter (also parameter) is a quantitatively determinable property of a material. It can either be measured directly (physical measurand) or calculated from other measurands (derived parameter). In the technical literature, Blumenauer [1—3] in particular has pointed out a clear separat...")

N 12:57

Materials Science diffhist +30,161 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Werkstoffwissenschaft}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Materials science (Author: Prof. Dr. H.-J. Radusch) __FORCETOC__ ==Materials science as a scientific discipline== ===Material & Werkstoff=== The targeted use of materials such as wood and bone, stone, glass/ceramics and metals as well as polymer materials, composite materials and material composites has be...")

N 12:56

Material Science & Plastics diffhist +9,758 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Werkstoffwissenschaft & Kunststoffe}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Material science & plastics __FORCETOC__ ==From the beginnings in prehistoric times== Materials surround us in our lives in many different forms. They have been in use since ancient times and were initially used completely by chance, such as sharp-edged stones as flints and hand axes or processed natural...")

N 12:55

Machine Compliance diffhist +6,033 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Maschinennachgiebigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Machine Compliance __FORCETOC__ ==General principles== In materials testing, machine compliance refers to the deformation of the closed load framework of universal testing machines with two or four frame columns [1, 2] or expansion of the load frame, e.g. of hardness testing machines [3, 4]...")

N 12:44

Load Framework diffhist +2,429 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Lastrahmen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Load framework __FORCETOC__ Load frames for materials testing machines are available in various constructive designs. Depending on the type of installation, a distinction is made between standing and horizontal testing machines. Standing testing machines are available in table-top and standard designs (see illustration). Depe...")

N 12:43

Linear-viscoelastic Behaviour diffhist +3,148 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Linear-viskoelastisches Verhalten}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Linear-viscoelastic behaviour __FORCETOC__ ==Linear viscoelasticity== The interaction of elastic and viscous behaviour in plastics and their dependence on time and temperature can only be described comprehensibly if one limits oneself to the area of linear-viscoelastic behaviour (see also: Viscoelastic Material Beha...")

N 12:42

Light Absorption diffhist +5,226 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Absorption Licht}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Light absorption __FORCETOC__ ==Physical principles== If an electromagnetic wave hits an outer or inner boundary surface, it will partially penetrate the material ( transmission), partially bounce back at the surface or boundary surface ( reflection) and is subject to absorpt...")

N 12:42

Laser Extensometry diffhist +3,700 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Laserextensometrie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Laser extensometry __FORCETOC__ ==Recording of local strain== The deformation and fracture behaviour of plastics in the tensile test is significantly influenced not only by the test conditions but also by the internal condition of the material during manu...")

N 12:40

KANAZAWA – J-Integral Estimation Method diffhist +6,483 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Auswertemethode nach Kanazawa}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ''J''-integral estimation method according to KANAZAWA (K) __FORCETOC__ ==Basic assumption of the estimation method== ''J''-integral estimation methods are used for the determination of fracture mechanics values according to the J-Integral Concept | ''J''-integral con...")

N 12:39

KNOOP Hardness diffhist +5,275 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=KNOOP-Härte}} {{PSM_Infobox}} KNOOP hardness __FORCETOC__ ==Basics== The KNOOP hardness test method was introduced into materials testing in 1939 by Knoop, Peters and Emerson. It is one of the classic conventional test methods for evaluating hardness, whereby an allocation to the small load or micro range was made from the outset and 10 N was recommended as the highes...")

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