New pages

12:5812:58, 3 December 2025 Material Parameter (hist | edit) [2,381 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Werkstoffkenngröße}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Material parameter __FORCETOC__ ==Terminology== A material parameter (also parameter) is a quantitatively determinable property of a material. It can either be measured directly (physical measurand) or calculated from other measurands (derived parameter). In the technical literature, Blumenauer [1—3] in particular has pointed out a clear separat...")
12:5712:57, 3 December 2025 Materials Science (hist | edit) [30,161 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Werkstoffwissenschaft}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Materials science (Author: Prof. Dr. H.-J. Radusch) __FORCETOC__ ==Materials science as a scientific discipline== ===Material & Werkstoff=== The targeted use of materials such as wood and bone, stone, glass/ceramics and metals as well as polymer materials, composite materials and material composites has be...")
12:5612:56, 3 December 2025 Material Science & Plastics (hist | edit) [9,758 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Werkstoffwissenschaft & Kunststoffe}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Material science & plastics __FORCETOC__ ==From the beginnings in prehistoric times== Materials surround us in our lives in many different forms. They have been in use since ancient times and were initially used completely by chance, such as sharp-edged stones as flints and hand axes or processed natural...")
12:5512:55, 3 December 2025 Machine Compliance (hist | edit) [6,033 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Maschinennachgiebigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Machine Compliance __FORCETOC__ ==General principles== In materials testing, machine compliance refers to the deformation of the closed load framework of universal testing machines with two or four frame columns [1, 2] or expansion of the load frame, e.g. of hardness testing machines [3, 4]...")
12:4412:44, 3 December 2025 Load Framework (hist | edit) [2,429 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Lastrahmen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Load framework __FORCETOC__ Load frames for materials testing machines are available in various constructive designs. Depending on the type of installation, a distinction is made between standing and horizontal testing machines. Standing testing machines are available in table-top and standard designs (see illustration). Depe...")
12:4312:43, 3 December 2025 Linear-viscoelastic Behaviour (hist | edit) [3,148 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Linear-viskoelastisches Verhalten}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Linear-viscoelastic behaviour __FORCETOC__ ==Linear viscoelasticity== The interaction of elastic and viscous behaviour in plastics and their dependence on time and temperature can only be described comprehensibly if one limits oneself to the area of linear-viscoelastic behaviour (see also: Viscoelastic Material Beha...")
12:4212:42, 3 December 2025 Light Absorption (hist | edit) [5,226 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Absorption Licht}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Light absorption __FORCETOC__ ==Physical principles== If an electromagnetic wave hits an outer or inner boundary surface, it will partially penetrate the material ( transmission), partially bounce back at the surface or boundary surface ( reflection) and is subject to absorpt...")
12:4212:42, 3 December 2025 Laser Extensometry (hist | edit) [3,700 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Laserextensometrie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Laser extensometry __FORCETOC__ ==Recording of local strain== The deformation and fracture behaviour of plastics in the tensile test is significantly influenced not only by the test conditions but also by the internal condition of the material during manu...")
12:4012:40, 3 December 2025 KANAZAWA – J-Integral Estimation Method (hist | edit) [6,483 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Auswertemethode nach Kanazawa}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ''J''-integral estimation method according to KANAZAWA (K) __FORCETOC__ ==Basic assumption of the estimation method== ''J''-integral estimation methods are used for the determination of fracture mechanics values according to the J-Integral Concept | ''J''-integral con...")
12:3912:39, 3 December 2025 KNOOP Hardness (hist | edit) [5,275 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=KNOOP-Härte}} {{PSM_Infobox}} KNOOP hardness __FORCETOC__ ==Basics== The KNOOP hardness test method was introduced into materials testing in 1939 by Knoop, Peters and Emerson. It is one of the classic conventional test methods for evaluating hardness, whereby an allocation to the small load or micro range was made from the outset and 10 N was recommended as the highes...")
12:3812:38, 3 December 2025 Kausch, Hans-Henning (hist | edit) [5,372 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kausch, Hans-Henning}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Kausch-Blecken von Schmeling, Hans-Henning __FORCETOC__ file:Kausch-1.jpg {| |- valign="top" |width="50px"|'''Photo''': |width="600px"|Hans-Henning Kausch |} Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Hans-Henning Kausch-Blecken von Schmeling (1931–2019), born on December 1, 1931, in Hamburg, was a German-Swiss polymer scientist specializing in polymer physics...")
12:3612:36, 3 December 2025 J-Integral Evaluation Methods (Overview) (hist | edit) [3,371 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=J-Integral Auswertemethoden}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Overview about the ''J''-Integral estimation methods ''J''-Integral estimation methods are used for the determination of fracture mechanics values according to the ''J''-Integral concept. The following table gives an overview of the most important approximation methods [1, 2]: file:J-Evaluat...")
12:3512:35, 3 December 2025 J-Integral Concept (hist | edit) [7,064 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=J-Integral-Konzept}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ''J''-integral concept __FORCETOC__ ==Energetic consideration of the fracture process== The ''J''-integral introduced by Cherepanov [1] and Rice [2] has gained the greatest importance for plastics due to the energetic consideration of the fracture process (see: Fracture mechanics and Fracture Types | types...")
12:3312:33, 3 December 2025 J-Compliance Method (hist | edit) [3,950 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Compliance Methode}} {{PSM_Infobox}} J-Compliance method __FORCETOC__ ==J-Integral evaluation method – Compliance method== J-integral evaluation methods are used for the determination of fracture mechanical values according to the J-integral concept [1]. The first proposal for the experimental determination of '...")

10:5110:51, 2 December 2025 IRHD Hardness (hist | edit) [5,206 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IRHD-Härte}} {{PSM_Infobox}} IRHD hardness __FORCETOC__ ==General== The IRHD (International Rubber Hardness Degree) hardness test method was developed specifically for elastomers and thermoplastic elastomers, in which the total deformation at small loads is used to obtain characteristic values. The IRHD hardness is determined in accordance with ISO 48-2, which was...")
10:5010:50, 2 December 2025 Interlaminar Shear Strength (hist | edit) [3,300 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Interlaminare Scherfestigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Interlaminar shear strength __FORCETOC__ ==Short-beam bend test== For determining the interlaminar shear strength (ILSF) of fiber-reinforced composites, the short beam test is used as a typical method for quality assurance. '''Fig. 1''' shows a test device (Wyoming Test Fixture) with test specimen as an add-on unit for a universal testing...")
10:4810:48, 2 December 2025 Insulation Resistance (hist | edit) [4,915 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Isolationswiderstand}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Insulation resitance __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals== Insulation resistance IR is the electrical resistance that exists between current-carrying conductors and live parts (shielding) on the one hand and earth potential on the other. It is used to assess the ability of the insulation material (cable sheathing, electrical equipment housings) to separ...")
10:4610:46, 2 December 2025 Instrumented Scratch Testing (hist | edit) [5,772 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Instrumentierte Kratzprüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Instrumented scratch testing or registering scratch test __FORCETOC__ ==Recording scratch testing machines== Instrumented scratch testing is carried out using recording scratch testing machines ('''Fig. 1'''), which have three-dimensionally movable measuring tables in a horizontal or vertical arrangement and corresponding indenters (e.g...")
10:4410:44, 2 December 2025 Instrumented Hardness Testing – Method & Material Parameters (hist | edit) [16,149 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Instrumentierte Härteprüfung – Methode Kenngrößen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Instrumented Hardness Testing – Method & Material Parameter __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals of the measurement method== Since conventional hardness testing (see hardness) usually only determines a defined parameter with regard to its [[Material Value | characteristic value]...")
10:4210:42, 2 December 2025 Instrumented Charpy Impact Test (hist | edit) [6,457 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Instrumentierter Kerbschlagbiegeversuch}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Instrumented Charpy impact test (ICIT) __FORCETOC__ ==General== The instrumented Charpy impact test (ICIT) is a method of mechanical materials testing or experimental fracture mechanics testing (see: fracture mechanical testing) that is increasingly used in Material & Wer...")
10:4110:41, 2 December 2025 Inertial Load (hist | edit) [4,422 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Aufschlagimpuls}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Initial load, impact impulse or inertial force __FORCETOC__ ==Causes of inertial load== The occurrence of an inertial load (also referred to as inertial force) caused by mass inertia, which is superimposed on the actual deformation behaviour, represents a measurement and evaluation problem in materials testing under dynamic load...")
10:4010:40, 2 December 2025 Indentation Modulus (hist | edit) [4,050 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{PSM_Infobox}} Indentation modulus __FORCETOC__ ==Definition of the indentation modulus== The indentation modulus ''E''IT (in MPa) is determined in the micro load range of the hardness test using a method described in detail in ISO 14577 [1] from the initial rise of the unloading curve of the load (''F'')–indentation depth (''h'') diagram (see: Instrumented Hardness Testing – Method...")
10:3710:37, 2 December 2025 Impact Test (hist | edit) [7,983 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schlagbiegeversuch}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Impact Test __TOC__ ==Charpy impact test== In 1898, Russel introduced a pendulum hammer as a test device for impact testing. However, this type of experimental test is now not associated with the name Russel, but with that of Charpy, G. A. A., which is the way in which Charpy used this method for impact testing of metallic materials from 1901 onwar...")
10:3610:36, 2 December 2025 Impact Loading High-Speed Testing (hist | edit) [6,651 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schlagbeanspruchung Hochgeschwindigkeitsprüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Impact loading, plastics, high-speed testing __FORCETOC__ ==General== When using plastics or composite materials for lightweight construction in machines, vehicles or aircraft, in the event of explosions in containers or pipelines, in crash situations or even when processin...")
10:3310:33, 2 December 2025 Imaging Ultrasonic Testing (hist | edit) [3,680 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bildgebende Ultrschallprüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} A-Bild-Technik __FORCETOC__ ==Graphical representations of ultrasound images== Imaging ultrasound testing basically covers all graphical representations of amplitude as a function of time or location. It ranges from simple HF-scan representation using a simple oscilloscope to A-scan and 4d-scan. The inf...")
10:2910:29, 2 December 2025 ICIT – Types of Impact Load–Deflection Diagrams (hist | edit) [16,326 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Typen von Schlagkraft-Durchbiegungs-Diagrammen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Types of impact load–deflection diagrams __FORCETOC__ ==Basic types of impact load–deflection diagrams== The types of registration diagrams that occur in the instrumented Charpy impact test (ICIT) can be divided into the three basic types shown in '''Fig. 1''' [1‒5...")
10:2610:26, 2 December 2025 ICIT – Stop Block Method (hist | edit) [2,868 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Stopp-Block-Methode}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Stop block method __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The ICIT‒Stop block method is an experimental method for recording crack resistance (R) curves under dynamic (impact) stress, e.g. in instrumented Charpy impact tests (see also: Impact Loading Pen...")
10:2310:23, 2 December 2025 ICIT – Nonlinear Material Behaviour (hist | edit) [10,724 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Nichtlineares Werkstoffverhalten}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Nonlinear material behaviour __FORCETOC__ ==Determination of impact load FGY and deflection fGY for elastic–plastic material behaviour== The dominant evaluation method problem of the instrumented Charpy impact test in determining fracture mechanical material pa...")
10:2110:21, 2 December 2025 ICIT – Limits of Fracture Mechanics Evaluation (hist | edit) [7,014 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Grenzen bruchmechanischer Bewertung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT Limits of fracture mechanics evaluation __FORCETOC__ ==Requirements for the loading conditions== In order to use the instrumented Charpy impact test to solve problems in materials development and optimisation, the loading conditions (see also stress) must be adapted so that as many [[Plastics | plastics]...")
10:2010:20, 2 December 2025 ICIT – Extended Stop-Block Method (hist | edit) [3,992 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Erweiterte Stopp-Block-Methode}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Extended stop-block method __FORCETOC__ ==Stepwise crack length variation== As part of the further development of the stop-block technique, a special test arrangement was designed that stops the hammer blade and no longer the hammer fin in the instrumented Charpy impact test and also...")
10:1910:19, 2 December 2025 ICIT – Experimental Conditions (hist | edit) [8,801 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Experimentelle Bedingungen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Experimental conditions __FORCETOC__ ==General== For the fracture mechanics evaluation of impact load (F)–deflection (f) diagrams from the instrumented Charpy impact test, compliance with experimental conditions is a necessary prerequisite. Of decisive importance here is the determination...")
10:1810:18, 2 December 2025 ICIT – Energy Method (hist | edit) [2,020 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Energie-Methode}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Energy method __FORCETOC__ ==ICIT low-blow technique== The ICIT− Energy method is an experimental method for recording crack resistance (R) curves under dynamic (impact) loading, e.g. in instrumented Charpy impact tests (see also: Impact Loading Pendulum Impact Test...")
09:5209:52, 2 December 2025 Hybrid Methods (hist | edit) [12,645 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Hybride Methoden}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Hybrid methods of plastic diagnostics __FORCETOC__ ==Limitations of conventional polymer testing== In addition to suitable material properties that can be used in design, knowledge of stress-induced material damage is an essential prerequisite for the dimensioning of plastic components and the practical use of Plastics | pl...")
09:5109:51, 2 December 2025 Hole Formation Films (hist | edit) [2,969 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Lochbildung Folie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Hole formation films __FORCETOC__ ==General information== When analysing damage to thermoplastic products (see: failure analysis – basics), damage caused by faulty design, processing and material selection, as well as defects (see also: errors) in the matrix material and additi...")
09:5009:50, 2 December 2025 HF-Scan (hist | edit) [2,489 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=HF-Bild}} {{PSM_Infobox}} HF-scan __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals== A simple imaging evaluation method for ultrasound testing is the HF-scan of an ultrasonic signal emitted by the measuring device itself ('''Figure'''). It corresponds to the movements of volume elements of the transducer in the time domain. Normally, the ultrasonic sensor ou...")
09:4809:48, 2 December 2025 Heterogeneity (hist | edit) [9,176 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Heterogenität}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Heterogeneity of the strain distribution __FORCETOC__ ==Determination of heterogeneity in the tensile test== A prerequisite for determining heterogeneity or strain heterogeneity in the tensile test is the use of a laser extensometer (angle or parallel scanner) to determine the local strain distribution in the...")
09:4709:47, 2 December 2025 Heat Resistance (hist | edit) [5,151 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Wärmeformbeständigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Heat resistance __FORCETOC__ ==Classification== The methods for determining the thermal load-bearing capacity of plastics can be classified in plastics testing together with fire behaviour, component testing and implant testing in the group of technological test methods [1]. In accordance with the physi...")
09:4609:46, 2 December 2025 Heat Distortion Temperature HDT (hist | edit) [8,525 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Wärmeformbeständigkeitstemperatur}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Heat distortion temperature HDT __FORCETOC__ ==General== The objective of the heat distortion temperature HDT method is to quantitatively characterize the heat resistance of a plastic. For this purpose, the heat distortion temperature HDT is determined, which, for methodological reasons, does n...")
09:4309:43, 2 December 2025 Hardness (hist | edit) [13,812 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Härte}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Hardness __FORCETOC__ ==General principles== ===Definition=== Hardness is the mechanical resistance that a body opposes to the mechanical indentation of another, generally harder, but in some circumstances equally hard body. Thus, a hard body resists the indentation of a foreign body more than a soft one, from which it can be directly derived that hardness i...")
09:4209:42, 2 December 2025 Grellmann, Wolfgang (hist | edit) [10,174 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Grellmann, Wolfgang}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Grellmann, Wolfgang __FORCETOC__ 150px {| |- valign="top" |width="50px"|'''Photo''': |width="600px" |Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Grellmann |} [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Grellmann Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Grellmann], born on 22 July 1949 in [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammendorf/Beesen Ammendorf] (today: [https://en.wikipe...")
09:4109:41, 2 December 2025 Glowing Hot-Wire Test (hist | edit) [3,118 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Glühdrahtprüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Glowing/hot-wire test __FORCETOC__ ==Classification of the glowing/hot-wire test== In polymer testing, the glowing/hot-wire test is one of the physical or technological test methods and can be specifically assigned to the methods for thermal testing of plastics, which also include, for example, the heat distortion resistance (HDT and VICAT), the m...")
09:3909:39, 2 December 2025 Geometry Criterion (hist | edit) [7,670 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Geometriekriterium}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Geometry criterion __FORCETOC__ ==Geometry criterion, fracture tougness== In the linear-elastic approach, the geometric variables ''B'', ''a'' and the ligament expansion (''W''–''a'') are estimated using the empirically determined relationship {| |- |width="20px"| |width="500px" | <math>B{,}\ a{,}\ \left( W-a\right)\,\ge\,\beta \left( \frac{K}{\...")
09:3809:38, 2 December 2025 Gas Bubbles (hist | edit) [3,135 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Gasblasen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Gas bubbles __FORCETOC__ ==Criteria for the formation of gas bubbles== Gas bubbles can occur in plastic components both inside and on the edges of moulded parts (see: moulding compound). Due to the internal pressure that occurs, the surfaces of the gas bubbles are usually relatively smooth, in contras...")
09:3709:37, 2 December 2025 Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT) (hist | edit) [4,076 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT)}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Full notch creep test (FNCT) __FORCETOC__ ==Experimental Method== For a long time, the Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT) ('''Fig. 1'''), standardized in ISO 16770 [1], has extensively been used in Europe for the accelerated characterization of slow crack growth (SCG). ==Test specimen and characteristic parameter== The...")
09:3709:37, 2 December 2025 FTIR Spectroscopy (hist | edit) [2,845 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=FTIR-Spektroskopie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} FTIR spectroscopy __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals of FTIR spectroscopy== FTIR spectroscopy (often just called IR spectroscopy) is one of the most important methods for the identification and structure elucidation of plastics. It belongs to the methods of molecular spectroscopy. Infrared light in the wavelength range from 2.5 to 25 μm cau...")
09:3509:35, 2 December 2025 F-Scan Technique (hist | edit) [5,134 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=F-Bild-Technik}} {{PSM_Infobox}} F-scan technique __FORCETOC__ ==Introduction== The F-scan is a special ultrasound testing and evaluation method for two-dimensional imaging of the Fourier-transformed amplitudes of a tested specimen volume (see: frequency analysis). As with the C-scan, it is composed of A-Scan Techni...")
09:3409:34, 2 December 2025 Fracture Types (hist | edit) [6,179 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Brucharten}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture types __FORCETOC__ ==Types of fracture== In fracture mechanics, macroscopic examination of fracture surfaces initially distinguishes between normal stress fracture (separating fracture) and shear fracture. Depending on the type of mechanical stress, uniaxial stress is referred to as fast (bri...")
09:3309:33, 2 December 2025 Fracture Process Zone (hist | edit) [5,854 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchprozesszone}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture process zone __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Blumenauer [1] describes that crack propagation is determined by interaction processes between microcracks and morphology, generally referred to as microstructure in metals, in an area close to the crack tip. In...")
09:3209:32, 2 December 2025 Fracture Mirror (hist | edit) [6,556 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchspiegel}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture mirror __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Information about the cause of the fracture (see: fracture formation), the type of stress (static, dynamic or tensile, bending, torsion, etc.) and...")
09:3109:31, 2 December 2025 Fracture Modes (hist | edit) [3,484 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchmoden}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture modes __FORCETOC__ ==General information== When deriving the fundamental relationships of fracture mechanics, three different possibilities for material separation at the crack tip (see also: crack) are assumed [1–3], resulting in a distinction between three Crack Opening Modes|crack o...")

3 December 2025

2 December 2025