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Show new changes starting from 07:22, 5 December 2025

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3 December 2025

N 13:47

Pennsylvania Edge Notch Tensile (PENT) Test diffhist +6,063 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Pennsylvania Edge Notch Tensile (PENT) Test}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Pennsylvania Edge Notch Tensile (PENT) Test __FORCETOC__ ==Characterisation of slow crack growth== The Pennsylvania Edge Notch Tensile (PENT) test ('''Fig. 1'''), developed by N. Brown and his colleagues [1] and standardised in ISO 16241 [2], induced the same type of quasi-brittle fracture (see: Fracture Types|fracture t...")

N 13:39

Notch Sensitivity diffhist +12,860 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kerbempfindlichkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Notch Sensitivity __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The impact strength (see: Impact test), determined on unnotched test specimens, and the notched impact strength (see: Notched impact test), determined on notched test specimens of a plastic, are of particular technical...")

N 13:35

Notching diffhist +15,520 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kerbeinbringung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Notching or Notch insertion __FORCETOC__ ==General information== To characterise the toughness of plastics, impact and notch impact tests with different types of stress are used depending on the dominant material behaviour [1]. For brittle materials or for testing at very l...")

N 13:32

Notch Geometry diffhist +3,069 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kerbgeometrie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Notch geometry __FORCETOC__ ==Notch forms for the Charpy notched impact test== In the conventional notched impact test according to ISO 179-1 [1] or ISO 180 [2], notched test specimens with the dimension 80 x 10 x 4 mm3 are used, which are usually made of multipurpose test specimens [3]. In...")

N 13:31

Notch diffhist +3,175 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Kerb}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Notch __FORCETOC__ ==Definition== The distinction between the fracture mechanics terms notch and crack is often somewhat blurred in the literature. Notches and cracks differ in that the inner boundary surfaces of a crack are in contact in the unloaded state, whereas they are not in the case of a notch. From a mathematical point of view...")

N 13:13

Mixed-Mode Crack Propagation diffhist +10,372 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Mixed-Mode-Rissausbreitung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Mixed-mode crack propagation in brittle thermoplastics __FORCETOC__ ==Introduction== In the context of fracture mechanics toughness evaluation, three crack opening modes must be distinguished according to the three spatial directions, which either act individually or are superimposed in different wa...")

N 13:08

MERKLE and CORTEN – J-Integral Estimation Method diffhist +4,963 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Auswertemethode nach Merkle und Corten}} {{PSM_Infobox}} J-integral estimation method according to Merkle and Corten (MC) __FORCETOC__ ==Basic assumption of the estimation method== J-integral estimation methods are used to determine fracture-mechanical characteristic values according to the J-Integral Concept | J-in...")

N 12:40

KANAZAWA – J-Integral Estimation Method diffhist +6,483 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Auswertemethode nach Kanazawa}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ''J''-integral estimation method according to KANAZAWA (K) __FORCETOC__ ==Basic assumption of the estimation method== ''J''-integral estimation methods are used for the determination of fracture mechanics values according to the J-Integral Concept | ''J''-integral con...")

N 12:36

J-Integral Evaluation Methods (Overview) diffhist +3,371 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=J-Integral Auswertemethoden}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Overview about the ''J''-Integral estimation methods ''J''-Integral estimation methods are used for the determination of fracture mechanics values according to the ''J''-Integral concept. The following table gives an overview of the most important approximation methods [1, 2]: file:J-Evaluat...")

N 12:35

J-Integral Concept diffhist +7,064 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=J-Integral-Konzept}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ''J''-integral concept __FORCETOC__ ==Energetic consideration of the fracture process== The ''J''-integral introduced by Cherepanov [1] and Rice [2] has gained the greatest importance for plastics due to the energetic consideration of the fracture process (see: Fracture mechanics and Fracture Types | types...")

N 12:33

J-Compliance Method diffhist +3,950 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Compliance Methode}} {{PSM_Infobox}} J-Compliance method __FORCETOC__ ==J-Integral evaluation method – Compliance method== J-integral evaluation methods are used for the determination of fracture mechanical values according to the J-integral concept [1]. The first proposal for the experimental determination of '...")

2 December 2025

N 10:42

Instrumented Charpy Impact Test diffhist +6,457 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Instrumentierter Kerbschlagbiegeversuch}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Instrumented Charpy impact test (ICIT) __FORCETOC__ ==General== The instrumented Charpy impact test (ICIT) is a method of mechanical materials testing or experimental fracture mechanics testing (see: fracture mechanical testing) that is increasingly used in Material & Wer...")

N 10:29

ICIT – Types of Impact Load–Deflection Diagrams diffhist +16,326 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Typen von Schlagkraft-Durchbiegungs-Diagrammen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Types of impact load–deflection diagrams __FORCETOC__ ==Basic types of impact load–deflection diagrams== The types of registration diagrams that occur in the instrumented Charpy impact test (ICIT) can be divided into the three basic types shown in '''Fig. 1''' [1‒5...")

N 10:26

ICIT – Stop Block Method diffhist +2,868 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Stopp-Block-Methode}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Stop block method __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The ICIT‒Stop block method is an experimental method for recording crack resistance (R) curves under dynamic (impact) stress, e.g. in instrumented Charpy impact tests (see also: Impact Loading Pen...")

N 10:23

ICIT – Nonlinear Material Behaviour diffhist +10,724 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Nichtlineares Werkstoffverhalten}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Nonlinear material behaviour __FORCETOC__ ==Determination of impact load FGY and deflection fGY for elastic–plastic material behaviour== The dominant evaluation method problem of the instrumented Charpy impact test in determining fracture mechanical material pa...")

N 10:21

ICIT – Limits of Fracture Mechanics Evaluation diffhist +7,014 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Grenzen bruchmechanischer Bewertung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT Limits of fracture mechanics evaluation __FORCETOC__ ==Requirements for the loading conditions== In order to use the instrumented Charpy impact test to solve problems in materials development and optimisation, the loading conditions (see also stress) must be adapted so that as many [[Plastics | plastics]...")

N 10:20

ICIT – Extended Stop-Block Method diffhist +3,992 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Erweiterte Stopp-Block-Methode}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Extended stop-block method __FORCETOC__ ==Stepwise crack length variation== As part of the further development of the stop-block technique, a special test arrangement was designed that stops the hammer blade and no longer the hammer fin in the instrumented Charpy impact test and also...")

N 10:19

ICIT – Experimental Conditions diffhist +8,801 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Experimentelle Bedingungen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Experimental conditions __FORCETOC__ ==General== For the fracture mechanics evaluation of impact load (F)–deflection (f) diagrams from the instrumented Charpy impact test, compliance with experimental conditions is a necessary prerequisite. Of decisive importance here is the determination...")

N 10:18

ICIT – Energy Method diffhist +2,020 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Energie-Methode}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Energy method __FORCETOC__ ==ICIT low-blow technique== The ICIT− Energy method is an experimental method for recording crack resistance (R) curves under dynamic (impact) loading, e.g. in instrumented Charpy impact tests (see also: Impact Loading Pendulum Impact Test...")

N 09:39

Geometry Criterion diffhist +7,670 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Geometriekriterium}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Geometry criterion __FORCETOC__ ==Geometry criterion, fracture tougness== In the linear-elastic approach, the geometric variables ''B'', ''a'' and the ligament expansion (''W''–''a'') are estimated using the empirically determined relationship {| |- |width="20px"| |width="500px" | <math>B{,}\ a{,}\ \left( W-a\right)\,\ge\,\beta \left( \frac{K}{\...")

N 09:37

Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT) diffhist +4,076 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT)}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Full notch creep test (FNCT) __FORCETOC__ ==Experimental Method== For a long time, the Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT) ('''Fig. 1'''), standardized in ISO 16770 [1], has extensively been used in Europe for the accelerated characterization of slow crack growth (SCG). ==Test specimen and characteristic parameter== The...")

N 09:34

Fracture Types diffhist +6,179 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Brucharten}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture types __FORCETOC__ ==Types of fracture== In fracture mechanics, macroscopic examination of fracture surfaces initially distinguishes between normal stress fracture (separating fracture) and shear fracture. Depending on the type of mechanical stress, uniaxial stress is referred to as fast (bri...")

N 09:33

Fracture Process Zone diffhist +5,854 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchprozesszone}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture process zone __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Blumenauer [1] describes that crack propagation is determined by interaction processes between microcracks and morphology, generally referred to as microstructure in metals, in an area close to the crack tip. In...")

N 09:32

Fracture Mirror diffhist +6,556 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchspiegel}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture mirror __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Information about the cause of the fracture (see: fracture formation), the type of stress (static, dynamic or tensile, bending, torsion, etc.) and...")

N 09:31

Fracture Modes diffhist +3,484 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchmoden}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture modes __FORCETOC__ ==General information== When deriving the fundamental relationships of fracture mechanics, three different possibilities for material separation at the crack tip (see also: crack) are assumed [1–3], resulting in a distinction between three Crack Opening Modes|crack o...")

N 09:27

Fracture Mechanics diffhist +15,213 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchmechanik}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture mechanics __FORCETOC__ ==Linear-elastic fracture mechanics== Fracture mechanics assumes that the fracture of a component and thus of the material occurs as a result of the propagation of cracks. It investigates the conditions for Crack Propagation|crack propaga...")

N 09:27

Fracture Mechanical Testing diffhist +3,921 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchmechanische Prüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture mechanical testing __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Different experimental methods can be used to determine fracture mechanics parameters for plastics and elastomers. The loading speed or the type of loading ( stress) is of great importance here, whic...")

N 09:23

Fractography diffhist +7,810 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Fraktographie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fractography __FORCETOC__ ==Definition of terms== The term fractography refers to the visual, macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the fracture surfaces of broken components and parts as well as test specimens. This examination method for defining the causes of fracture (see: Fracture Formati...")

N 09:23

Fracture diffhist +3,047 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruch}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture __FORCETOC__ ==The fracture of plastics== Fracture is the most dangerous cause of failure on the material side. The term "fracture" refers to the macroscopic separation of the material leading to the loss of the load-bearing capacity of the body. In the case of plastics, material separation occurs through the brea...")

N 09:19

Fibre-reinforced Plastics Fracture Model diffhist +10,791 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchmodell faserverstärkte Kunststoffe}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fibre-reinforced plastics fracture model __FORCETOC__ ==Models for describing the mechanical deformation and crack propagation behaviour of fibre-reinforced plastics [1]== Theoretical models for calculating the mechanical behaviour of composite materials based on the properties of the component...")

1 December 2025

N 11:23

ENF-Specimen diffhist +5,127 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=ENF-Prüfkörper}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ENF specimen __FORCETOC__ ==General== The Anglo-Saxon abbreviation ENF stands for "End-Notched Flexure". The ENF test specimen is used to determine the interlaminar fracture toughness of mode II loading. A critical energy release rate in plane strain is determined as a fracture mechanical parameter....")

N 09:36

Effective Crack Length diffhist +3,110 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Effektive Risslänge}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Effective crack length __FORCETOC__ ==The environment of the crack tip== In the case of macroscopically brittle fracture behaviour, plastic deformation often occurs due to stress concentration in front of the crack tip, i.e. the formation of a Plastic Zone|plastic zon...")

N 08:55

Ductility Plastics diffhist +8,915 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Duktilität}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Ductility plastics __FORCETOC__ ==General== In the field of solids, the terms strength, toughness, viscosity, as well as brittleness and ductility are used for property evaluation [1]. In the literature, ductile and toughness material behaviour are often used synonymously without a...")

N 08:40

DCB-Specimen diffhist +10,829 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=DCB-Prüfkörper}} {{PSM_Infobox}} DCB-specimen __FORCETOC__ ==Test specimen shapes== Blumenauer [1, 2] requires that the size of the plastic zone (see also: effective crack length) must be small compared to the crack length and the test specimen dimensions. '''Test procedure F = const.''' {| border="0" |file:dcb1.jpg | {| border=0 |-va...")

N 08:15

Crack Toughness diffhist +5,104 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Risszähigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Crack toughness __FORCETOC__ ==Explanation of terms== In fracture mechanics, crack toughness or fracture toughness describes the resistance of a component or material to crack propagation of any kind. Cracks are undesirable material discontinuities that...")

N 08:12

Crack Tip Opening Displacement Concept (CTOD) diffhist +5,519 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Crack Tip Opening Displacement-Konzept}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Crack tip opening displacement concept (CTOD) __FORCETOC__ CTOD concept ==On the diversity of terms== The crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) concept of yield fracture mechanics was derived by Wells using the crack model according to DUGDALE [1, 2]. It is often a...")

N 08:11

Crack Resistance Curve – Experimental Methods diffhist +3,979 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Risswiderstandskurve – Experimentelle Methoden}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Crack resistance curve – Experimental methods __FORCETOC__ ==Crack resistance curve – Experimental methods== For the experimental recording of crack resistance (R) curves under dynamic (impact) loading, e.g. in the Instrumented Charpy Impact Test|Instrum...")

N 08:08

Crack Propagation Energy diffhist +9,451 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Rissverzögerungsenergie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} A-Bild-Technik __FORCETOC__ ==Definition and significance== The modification of plastics with the aim of improving their mechanical properties is achieved technically by using inorganic fillers such as chalk, talc and glass balls or fibres such as short glass fibre...")

N 08:08

Crack Propagation diffhist +4,118 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Rissausbreitung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Crack propagation __FORCETOC__ ==General terms== Crack propagation is a physical process that occurs under certain conditions in a moulded part or component after crack initiation and can lead to macroscopic separation and fracture. Crack propagation occurs in the material when material-dependent limit values, such as the critical stress intensity fa...")

N 08:07

Crack Opening Modes diffhist +4,469 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Rissöffnungsmoden}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Crack opening modes __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The terms ‘crack opening modes’ and ‘crack opening types’ are used interchangeably in the literature on fracture mechanics. Fracture mechanics assumes that the fracture of a component and thus of the ...")

N 08:06

Crack Opening diffhist +1,631 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Rissöffnung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Crack opening __FORCETOC__ ==Definition of crack opening== The determination at the location of the original crack tip has become the standard for defining the crack opening. For numerical calculations, the CTOD value is determined as the intersection of the crack edges with the straight line e...")

N 08:03

Crack Model according to IRWIN and Mc CLINTOCK diffhist +5,882 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Rissmodell nach IRWIN und Mc CLINTOCK}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Crack model to IRWIN & Mc CLINTOCK __FORCETOC__ ==Basics of the model== The application of the crack model according to GRIFFITH and the determination of the fracture toughness values based on it are linked to a purely elastic deformation of the stressed material. However, most technical...")

N 08:02

Crack Model according to GRIFFITH diffhist +6,979 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Rissmodell nach GRIFFITH}} {{PSM_Infobox}} GRIFFITH Crack model __FORCETOC__ ==Basics of the model== The basic concept of fracture mechanics starts from the analysis of the mechanical behaviour of a single crack in a linear elastic, homogeneous and isotropic continuum. To evaluate the stability of a body with such a macroscopic crack, a continuum mechanical c...")

N 08:00

Crack Model according to DUGDALE diffhist +2,494 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Rissmodell nach DUGDALE}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Crack model according to DUGDALE __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals of the concept== DUGDALE's crack model was derived by WELLS in 1961 and is considered the basis for the Crack tip opening displacement concept (CTOD) concept of yield fracture mechanics....")

N 07:58

Crack Model according to BARENBLATT diffhist +4,941 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Rissmodell nach BARENBLATT}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Crack model BARENBLATT __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals of the model== The GRIFFTITH and IRWIN & MC CLINTOCK crack models have in common that infinitely large stresses occur at the crack tip with a very sharp notch. In order to elimin...")

N 07:58

Crack Models diffhist +2,340 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Rissmodelle}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Crack models __FORCETOC__ '''Crack models''' ==Crack models== Blumenauer gives a brief explanation of the most commonly used crack models in [1]. Such crack models provide the basis for the basic concepts of fracture mechanics and the fracture mechanics material testing based on them, with the aim of determining fracture mechani...")

N 07:57

Crack Initiation diffhist +2,051 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Rissinitiierung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Crack initiation __FORCETOC__ ==Initiation of a crack== Crack initiation is essentially the transition from a stationary crack to a moving crack. Starting from microdefects in the material volume, the resulting stress concentrations cause the fracture strength to be exceeded local...")

N 07:54

Crack Formation diffhist +5,637 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchentstehung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Crack formation __FORCETOC__ ==The deformation energy for fracture formation== In order to explain the processes involved in fracture formation, it is useful to compare an unloaded tensile test specimen with a loaded tensile test specimen without and with a crack. 400px {| |- v...")

N 07:52

Crack diffhist +10,614 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Riss}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Crack __FORCETOC__ ==General definition== A crack is a discontinuity that can be present in a material due to production-related or operational causes [1]. If it exceeds a permissible critical expansion, the crack is the most dangerous of all discontinuities, as it represents a material separation, i.e. a material area whose load-bearing capacity is no longer g...")

N 07:11

Brittle-Tough Transition diffhist +3,539 Oluschinski talk contribs (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Spröd-Zäh-Übergang}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Brittle-tough transition __FORCETOC__ ==Description of the brittle-tough transition== In a physical dependence of material toughness (as a measure of energy dissipation or resistance to crack propagation), the brittle-tough transition characterizes a characteristic point at which a fundamental change in material behaviour occurs, e.g. a transit...")

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