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09:4609:46, 4 September 2026 Instrumented Hardness Measurement – Indentation Depth Measurement with Modified Contact Foot (hist | edit) [8,308 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Instrumentierte Härtemessung, Eindringtiefenmessung mit modifiziertem Tastfuß}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Instrumented hardness measurement – Indentation depth measurement with modified contact (touch) foot __FORCETOC__ ==Factors influencing indentation depth measurement== Indentation depth measurement methods, such as recording macro hardness measurement, require the simultaneous measurem...")
09:4509:45, 4 September 2026 Instrumented Hardness Measurement – Creep (hist | edit) [6,515 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Instrumentierte Härtemessung, Kriechen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Instrumented hardness measurement – creep __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Unlike metallic materials, plastics exhibit a time dependence of their mechanical properties even at room temperature, which is referred to as viscoelasticity. Depending on the absolute level of S...")
09:4409:44, 4 September 2026 Initial Crack Length (hist | edit) [3,000 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Ausgangsrisslänge}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Initial crack length __FORCETOC__ ==Manual notch insertion== In the fracture mechanics testing of plastics with the aim of specifying geometry-independent plastic-specific characteristic values (see also: geometry criterion), the mechanically introduced Notch|...")
09:4109:41, 4 September 2026 In-situ Tensile Test in NMR (hist | edit) [9,704 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=In-situ-Zugversuch im NMR}} {{PSM_Infobox}} In-situ tensile test in NMR Development of a hybrid testing method for coupling NMR spectroscopy and mechanical tensile testing for the investigation of elastomers __FORCETOC__ ==Objective== The aim of the work presented here is to develop a hybrid method for polymer diagnostics that does not yet...")
09:3809:38, 4 September 2026 In-situ Tensile Test in ESEM with AE (hist | edit) [24,994 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=In-situ-Zugversuch im ESEM mit SEA}} {{PSM_Infobox}} In-situ tensile test in ESEM with AE __FORCETOC__ ==In-situ tensile test in the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) with simultaneous recording of damage-sensitive acoustic emissions (SEA)== ===Introduction=== To evaluate the damage kinetics, quasi-static in-situ tensile tests are perfor...")
09:3709:37, 4 September 2026 Implant Testing (hist | edit) [9,999 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Implantatprüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Implant testing __FORCETOC__ ==Material selection for medical implants== The testing of implants (from the Latin *in-* ‘into’ and *plantare* ‘to plant’) and, in particular, implanted prostheses has become increasingly important. Well-known examples include artificial hearts, hip joint prostheses, plastic implants and dental implants. Plas...")
09:3509:35, 4 September 2026 Impact Loading Plastics (hist | edit) [7,161 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schlagbeanspruchung Kunststoffe}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Impact loading plastics __FORCETOC__ ==Significance of high deformation rates== When plastics or composite materials are used in machines or vehicles, in explosions, in crash situations or even during high-speed machining of these materials, sudden impact forces can...")
09:3409:34, 4 September 2026 Impact Loading Pendulum Impact Tester (hist | edit) [6,258 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schlagbeanspruchung Pendelschlagwerk}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Impact loading, plastics, pendulum impact tester __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Plastics or composite plastics are increasingly being used in machines, vehicles and aircraft for lightweight construction purposes. In the event of crash loads and explosions of containers or pipelines in the c...")
09:3309:33, 4 September 2026 Impact Loading Free-falling Dart Test (hist | edit) [7,587 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schlagbeanspruchung Fallbolzensystem}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Impact loading free-falling dart test __FORCETOC__ ==Higher deformation rates== Modern high-performance plastics for lightweight construction applications in mechanical engineering, the automotive and aerospace industries, and for containers and pipelines in the chemical industry require precise knowledge of how these Material...")
09:3109:31, 4 September 2026 ICIT with AE (hist | edit) [18,343 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV mit SEA}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT with AE __FORCETOC__ ==Coupling of the instrumented Charpy impact test with damage-sensitive sound emission analysis== ===Introduction=== A fundamental prerequisite for the targeted development of short-fibre-reinforced composites is an understanding of the strength- and strain-dependent Deforma...")
09:2909:29, 4 September 2026 ICIT – Support Span Method (hist | edit) [1,825 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Stützweitenmethode}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Support span method __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The ICIT − support span method is an experimental method for recording crack resistance (R) curves under dynamic (impact) stress, e.g. in instrumented Charpy impact tests (see also: Impact Loadin...")
09:2909:29, 4 September 2026 ICIT – Specimen Length Method (hist | edit) [1,905 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Probenlängenmethode}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Specimen length method __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The ICIT – specimen length method is an experimental method for recording crack resistance (R) curves under dynamic (impact) stress, e.g. in instrumented Charpy impact tests (see also: Impact...")
09:2609:26, 4 September 2026 ICIT – Influence of Pendulum Hammer Velocity (hist | edit) [7,781 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Einfluss Hammergeschwindigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Influence of Pendulum Hammer Velocity __FORCETOC__ ==ICIT: ratio of fracture load to the amplitude of the inertial load== For the fracture mechanics analysis of impact force (F)-deflection (f) diagrams recorded in instrumented Charpy impact tests, in accordance with the criteria of ...")
08:5708:57, 4 September 2026 Hybrid Methods, Examples (hist | edit) [12,539 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Hybride Methoden, Beispiele}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Hybrid methods of plastic diagnostics, examples The following section presents a number of examples illustrating the application of this testing methodology. Examples (2) to (4) are based on measurements carried out by Polymer Service GmbH Merseburg using equipment available within the company. __FORCETOC__ ==(1) Coupling of vibratio...")
08:5608:56, 4 September 2026 HOOKE's Law (hist | edit) [5,254 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=HOOKE´sche Gesetz}} {{PSM_Infobox}} HOOKE´s law __FORCETOC__ ==General principles== HOOKE's law (named after Robert Hooke (1635–1703)) describes the elastic behaviour of solids as a special linear case of the law of elasticity, specifically when the elastic deformation is proportional to the applied load. This material behav...")
08:5408:54, 4 September 2026 High-speed Tensile Test (hist | edit) [17,763 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Hochgeschwindigkeitszugversuch}} {{PSM_Infobox}} see also: Impact loading high-speed testing Determination of the strength of PP/GF composites in high-speed tensile testing __FORCETOC__ ==Introduction== In many applications, for example in automotive engineering, aerospace technology and the sports sector, high Strain Rate Applications|strai...")
08:5208:52, 4 September 2026 HERTZIAN Pressure (hist | edit) [7,706 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=HERTZ´sche Pressung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Heterogeneity of the strain distribution __FORCETOC__ ==Physical principles== The first fundamental work on the contact problem is attributed to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Valentin_Boussinesq Joseph Boussinesq] (french mathematician and physicist; 1842–1929), who calculated the stress field for a point-loaded elastic half-space. The...")
08:4808:48, 4 September 2026 GRIFFITH's Theory (hist | edit) [7,390 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=GRIFFITH´s Theorie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} GRIFFTH`s theory '''GRIFFTH`s theory on the strength and Failure of solids''' __FORCETOC__ ==General== The fundamental scientific work on the strength and fracture behaviour of solids was carried out by GRIFFITH for the material glass [1]. The transfer of the...")
08:4708:47, 4 September 2026 GRIFFITH's Criteria (hist | edit) [4,758 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=GRIFFITH-Kriterium}} {{PSM_Infobox}} GRIFFTH`s criteria __FORCETOC__ ==GFRIFFITH`s fracture criterion== The energy balance in the case of crack propagation in an infinitely extended plate with finite thickness was first discussed by Griffith [1]. According to GRIFFITH, crack propagation occurs when the elastic distortion energy ''W''<su...")
08:4608:46, 4 September 2026 Griffith, Alan Arnold (hist | edit) [4,607 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Griffith, Alan Arnold}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Griffith, Alan Arnold – Pioneer of fracture mechanics __FORCETOC__ ==Biography== The British engineer Alan Arnold Griffith (1893–1963) studied mechanical engineering and also earned his doctorate at the University of Liverpool. He is considered the founder of Fracture Mechanics#Linear-elastic fracture mechanics|linear-elastic fracture mec...")
08:4508:45, 4 September 2026 Goodyear, Charles Nelson (hist | edit) [2,874 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Goodyear, Charles Nelson}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Goodyear, C. N. __FORCETOC__ ==Biography== File:goodyear_charles_nelson0.jpg.jpg Charles Nelson Goodyear (1800–1860) was an American chemist, inventor, and industrialist. He is credited with discovering vulcanization for cross-linking rubber. In vulcanization, raw rubber is kneaded with 3...")
08:4308:43, 4 September 2026 Gloss Measurement (hist | edit) [11,748 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Glanzmessung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Gloss measurement __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals and international standardisation== Gloss is a visual perception that arises when observing surfaces. The more direct the reflection of light, the more pronounced the perception of gloss. There is no standardised terminology for describing the gloss of surfaces using terms such as high gloss...")
08:4308:43, 4 September 2026 Gloss (hist | edit) [1,791 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Glanz}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Gloss __FORCETOC__ ==Terminology== Gloss describes the property of a surface to reflect light in a specific direction (see: reflection light). In accordance with ISO 4618, the following gloss levels are distinguished: high gloss, gloss, silk gloss, semigloss, satin, matt and dead matt [1]. To describe the gloss, the gloss valu...")
08:4308:43, 4 September 2026 Glass Transition Temperature (hist | edit) [6,252 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Glastemperatur}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Glass transition temperature __FORCETOC__ ==Terminology== The glass transition temperature ''T''g is closely linked to the concept of the glass state. Contrary to what is often mistakenly assumed, the glass state is by no means equivalent to a super-cooled (metastable) melt, but rather represents a specific unstable state of solids. Inorgan...")
08:4108:41, 4 September 2026 Glass Fibre Orientation (hist | edit) [11,459 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Glasfaserorientierung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Glass fibre orientation; see also: Fibre orientation __FORCETOC__ ==General== The orientation of short glass fibres is of essential importance for the design and dimensioning of plastic components, as, alongside fibre geometry – specifically the aspect ratio (''l''/''d'') – and the fibre volume f...")
08:3908:39, 4 September 2026 Geometry Function (hist | edit) [3,261 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Geometriefunktion}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Geometry function __FORCETOC__ ==The geometry function f (a/W)== The finite geometry of each component and test specimen, as well as the crack geometry, are taken into account in fracture mechanics material testing by introducing a geometry function ''f'' (''a''/''W''), whereby the...")

14:3214:32, 3 September 2026 Friction Force (hist | edit) [2,809 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Alterung Elastomere}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Friction force __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Plastics are increasingly being used in tribologically loaded components, with metal bearings, gears and sliding elements being replaced by functionally optimised, i.e. filled, composite materials [1, 2]. ==...")
14:3214:32, 3 September 2026 Frequency Response Control (hist | edit) [3,331 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Frequenzgangkontrolle}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Frequency response control '''Control of frequency response in the instrumented Charpy impact test (ICIT)''' __FORCETOC__ ==Criteria for the fracture time== A necessary requirement for accurately determining the relationship between impact load and fracture time, or deflection, is the control of the frequency response. An exact metrological me...")
14:3014:30, 3 September 2026 Fracture Surface (hist | edit) [6,377 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchfläche}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture surface __FORCETOC__ ==Fracture Surface== A fracture surface, i.e. a free surface area, is created by the destruction of atomic or molecular bonds and is associated with the loss of load-bearing capacity of a structural component. In plastics, this material separation occur...")
14:2714:27, 3 September 2026 Fracture Formation (hist | edit) [5,618 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchentstehung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture formation __FORCETOC__ ==The deformation energy for fracture formation== In order to explain the processes involved in fracture formation, it is useful to compare an unloaded tensile test specimen with a loaded tensile test specimen without and with a crack. 400px {| |...")
14:2414:24, 3 September 2026 Flexural Strength (hist | edit) [6,183 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Biegefestigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Flexural strength __FORCETOC__ ==Determination methods== The flexural strength ''σ''fM is determined in a three-point or four-point bending test [1, 5] on plastics or short fibre-reinforced plastic composites. The test on rigid and semi-rigid plastics, i.e. thermopl...")
14:2114:21, 3 September 2026 Fixed-arm Peel Test (hist | edit) [6,103 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Fixed-Arm-Peeltest}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fixed-arm peel test __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals of the method== The fixed-arm peel test is used to characterise the peel behaviour (see: peel process) of peel systems as a function of the peel angle ('''Fig. 1''') and is performed in accordance with the ESIS TC4 standard proposal “Peel Testing of Flexible Laminate...")
14:2014:20, 3 September 2026 Film Testing (hist | edit) [16,583 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Folienprüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Film testing __FORCETOC__ ==General== Various experimental methods of polymer testing and diagnostics can be used to evaluate the mechanical and fracture mechanical properties of plastic films. In addition to the basic tensile test according to ISO 527-3 and,...")
14:1814:18, 3 September 2026 Fibre Orientation (hist | edit) [5,073 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Faserorientierung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} '''Fibre orientation; Glass fibre orientation''' __FORCETOC__ ==Orientation of reinforcement fibres== Fibre orientation refers to the alignment of reinforcing fibres in the matrix. Fibres are used in many engineering plastics to increase the strength and stiffness (see also: Tens...")
14:1614:16, 3 September 2026 Fibre–Matrix Adhesion (hist | edit) [6,869 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Faser-Matrix-Haftung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fibre–Matrix Adhesion __FORCETOC__ ==Fibre–Matrix Adhesion== The influence of the fibre–matrix interface is considered significant for strength and toughness properties. Compared to fully bonded fibres, which allow force transfer during mechanical stress, the increase in To...")
14:1414:14, 3 September 2026 Fibre Agglomeration (hist | edit) [2,990 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Faseragglomeration}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fibre agglomeration agglomerare (Latin) – to join firmly __FORCETOC__ ==Formation of fibre agglomerates and influence on properties== In the injection moulding process for plastic components, a wide variety of fibre orientations can occur during manufacturing, as well as fibre agglomerations, which ha...")
14:0914:09, 3 September 2026 Fatigue (hist | edit) [7,750 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Ermüdung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fatigue __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals== In practical use, components are often exposed to oscillating loads in addition to static stresses. These are often referred to as dynamic stresses, but must be distinguished from impact loads (see: impact loading plastics). Even if these oscillating stresses are within the linear...")
14:0714:07, 3 September 2026 Failure Analysis Plastics Products, VDI Guideline 3822 (hist | edit) [19,265 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schadensanalyse VDI Richtlinie 3822}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fatigue analysis plastics products, VDI Guideline 3822 __FORCETOC__ ==Introduction== Plastic products are designed and manufactured with economic considerations in mind to ensure functional, safe and hazard-free use throughout their intended service life. Despite careful design, planning and production, damage and defects in plast...")
14:0514:05, 3 September 2026 Failure Analysis – Basics (hist | edit) [12,403 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Schadensanalyse}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Failure analysis – Basics __FORCETOC__ ==Failure analysis, evaluation of damage cases== Damage analyses serve to determine the causes of component failure and to draw conclusions from this in order to initiate targeted measures for damage repair and prevention. A wide range of analytical methods, Polymer Testing|polymer tes...")
13:5213:52, 3 September 2026 Essential Work of Fracture (EWF)-Concept (hist | edit) [11,856 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Essential Work of Fracture (EWF)-Konzept}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Essential work of Fracture (EWF)-concept __FORCETOC__ ==Basic assumption== The Essential Work of Fracture (EWF) concept was first mentioned by Broberg [1] in 1968 and subsequently developed further [2, 3]. The concept is based on the assumption that a wide range of materials, particularly Plastics|...")
13:5113:51, 3 September 2026 Extended CTOD Concept (hist | edit) [4,982 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Erweitertes CTOD-Konzept}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Extended CTOD concept __FORCETOC__ ==Critical crack opening displacement ''δ''== The fracture mechanical parameter crack opening displacement ''δ'' (see: crack opening), determined according to the crack tip opening displacement concept (CTOD), is su...")
13:4913:49, 3 September 2026 Equivalent Energy Concept – Basics (hist | edit) [8,249 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Äquivalentenergiekonzept – Grundlagen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Equivalent energy concept – Basics __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals== The equivalent energy concept developed by Witt and Mager [1, 2] can be classified in terms of its predictive capabilities within the methods of linear elastic fracture mechanics [3]. The development and application of the J-Integral C...")
13:4513:45, 3 September 2026 Equivalent Energy Concept – Application Limits (hist | edit) [11,550 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Äquivalentenergiekonzept – Anwendungsgrenzen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Equivalent energy concept – Application limits __FORCETOC__ ==General== The equivalent energy concept is based on the assumption that the load-load-line displacement curves of test specimens that are geometrically similar but have different thicknesses lie on a common curve [1...")
13:4413:44, 3 September 2026 Energy Release Rate (hist | edit) [4,400 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Energiefreisetzungsrate}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Energy release rate or energy delivery rate __FORCETOC__ ==Variety of terms== The fracture mechanics term ‘energy release rate’ is defined in a ‘very vague’ manner in German and Anglo-Saxon literature on fracture mechanics, prompting Blumenauer [1] and Schwalbe [2] to attempt to propose a u...")
13:4213:42, 3 September 2026 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) (hist | edit) [5,094 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Energiedispersive Röntgenspektroskopie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) (Author: Dr. Armin Zankel) __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy== 100px |thumb |[http://www.felmi-zfe.tugraz.at/ FELMI-ZFE] Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, EDXS or EDS) is a chemical analysis method that can detect el...")
13:4213:42, 3 September 2026 Energy Balance ICIT (hist | edit) [4,024 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Energiebilanz IKBV}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Energy balance in instrumented notch impact tests (ICIT) __FORCETOC__ ==Condition for impact testing== A necessary prerequisite for the vibrationally accurate recording of impact load–time and impact load–deflection diagrams and the fracture mechanical determination of characteristic values, i...")
13:4113:41, 3 September 2026 4 End-Notched Flexure Specimen (hist | edit) [3,265 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=4 ENF-Prüfkörper}} {{PSM_Infobox}} 4 ENF-specimen or also Four End-Notched Flexure (4 ENF) specimen __FORCETOC__ ==Diagram of the experimental setup== A modification of the ENF-test is the ‘'''4''' '''E'''nd-'''N'''otched '''F'''lexure’ (4 ENF) test, which uses the test setup of the four-point bending test [1] (...")
13:3913:39, 3 September 2026 ELS-Specimen (hist | edit) [3,697 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=ELS-Prüfkörper}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ELS-specimen __FORCETOC__ ==General remarks== The Anglo-Saxon abbreviation ELS stands for ‘End-Loaded Split’. The ELS-specimen is used to determine the interlaminar fracture toughness of Mode II loading [1]. ==Test specimen shape== Similar to the double cantilever beam (DCB) test (see also: DCB-specimen), a...")
13:3713:37, 3 September 2026 Electron Microscopy (hist | edit) [7,986 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Elektronenmikroskopie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Electron microscopy (EM) (Author: Prof. Dr. Goerg Hannes Michler) __FORCETOC__ ==Introduction== The diverse structures and morphology of plastics have been studied using electron microscopy for several decades. With the development of microscopic techniques and methods, structura...")
13:3613:36, 3 September 2026 Electro-mechanical Force Transducer (hist | edit) [5,431 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Elektro-Mechanischer Kraftaufnehmer}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Electro-mechanical force transducers (load cell) __FORCETOC__ ==Physical measuring principle== The physical measuring principle of the electro-mechanical force transducer, also known as a spring-loaded force transducer, is based on the linear-elastic deformation of a suitable deformation body. W...")

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3 September 2026