New pages

10:1810:18, 2 December 2025 ICIT – Energy Method (hist | edit) [2,020 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=IKBV Energie-Methode}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ICIT – Energy method __FORCETOC__ ==ICIT low-blow technique== The ICIT− Energy method is an experimental method for recording crack resistance (R) curves under dynamic (impact) loading, e.g. in instrumented Charpy impact tests (see also: Impact Loading Pendulum Impact Test...")
09:5209:52, 2 December 2025 Hybrid Methods (hist | edit) [12,645 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Hybride Methoden}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Hybrid methods of plastic diagnostics __FORCETOC__ ==Limitations of conventional polymer testing== In addition to suitable material properties that can be used in design, knowledge of stress-induced material damage is an essential prerequisite for the dimensioning of plastic components and the practical use of Plastics | pl...")
09:5109:51, 2 December 2025 Hole Formation Films (hist | edit) [2,969 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Lochbildung Folie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Hole formation films __FORCETOC__ ==General information== When analysing damage to thermoplastic products (see: failure analysis – basics), damage caused by faulty design, processing and material selection, as well as defects (see also: errors) in the matrix material and additi...")
09:5009:50, 2 December 2025 HF-Scan (hist | edit) [2,489 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=HF-Bild}} {{PSM_Infobox}} HF-scan __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals== A simple imaging evaluation method for ultrasound testing is the HF-scan of an ultrasonic signal emitted by the measuring device itself ('''Figure'''). It corresponds to the movements of volume elements of the transducer in the time domain. Normally, the ultrasonic sensor ou...")
09:4809:48, 2 December 2025 Heterogeneity (hist | edit) [9,176 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Heterogenität}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Heterogeneity of the strain distribution __FORCETOC__ ==Determination of heterogeneity in the tensile test== A prerequisite for determining heterogeneity or strain heterogeneity in the tensile test is the use of a laser extensometer (angle or parallel scanner) to determine the local strain distribution in the...")
09:4709:47, 2 December 2025 Heat Resistance (hist | edit) [5,151 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Wärmeformbeständigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Heat resistance __FORCETOC__ ==Classification== The methods for determining the thermal load-bearing capacity of plastics can be classified in plastics testing together with fire behaviour, component testing and implant testing in the group of technological test methods [1]. In accordance with the physi...")
09:4609:46, 2 December 2025 Heat Distortion Temperature HDT (hist | edit) [8,525 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Wärmeformbeständigkeitstemperatur}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Heat distortion temperature HDT __FORCETOC__ ==General== The objective of the heat distortion temperature HDT method is to quantitatively characterize the heat resistance of a plastic. For this purpose, the heat distortion temperature HDT is determined, which, for methodological reasons, does n...")
09:4309:43, 2 December 2025 Hardness (hist | edit) [13,812 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Härte}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Hardness __FORCETOC__ ==General principles== ===Definition=== Hardness is the mechanical resistance that a body opposes to the mechanical indentation of another, generally harder, but in some circumstances equally hard body. Thus, a hard body resists the indentation of a foreign body more than a soft one, from which it can be directly derived that hardness i...")
09:4209:42, 2 December 2025 Grellmann, Wolfgang (hist | edit) [10,174 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Grellmann, Wolfgang}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Grellmann, Wolfgang __FORCETOC__ 150px {| |- valign="top" |width="50px"|'''Photo''': |width="600px" |Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Grellmann |} [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Grellmann Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Grellmann], born on 22 July 1949 in [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammendorf/Beesen Ammendorf] (today: [https://en.wikipe...")
09:4109:41, 2 December 2025 Glowing Hot-Wire Test (hist | edit) [3,118 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Glühdrahtprüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Glowing/hot-wire test __FORCETOC__ ==Classification of the glowing/hot-wire test== In polymer testing, the glowing/hot-wire test is one of the physical or technological test methods and can be specifically assigned to the methods for thermal testing of plastics, which also include, for example, the heat distortion resistance (HDT and VICAT), the m...")
09:3909:39, 2 December 2025 Geometry Criterion (hist | edit) [7,670 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Geometriekriterium}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Geometry criterion __FORCETOC__ ==Geometry criterion, fracture tougness== In the linear-elastic approach, the geometric variables ''B'', ''a'' and the ligament expansion (''W''–''a'') are estimated using the empirically determined relationship {| |- |width="20px"| |width="500px" | <math>B{,}\ a{,}\ \left( W-a\right)\,\ge\,\beta \left( \frac{K}{\...")
09:3809:38, 2 December 2025 Gas Bubbles (hist | edit) [3,135 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Gasblasen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Gas bubbles __FORCETOC__ ==Criteria for the formation of gas bubbles== Gas bubbles can occur in plastic components both inside and on the edges of moulded parts (see: moulding compound). Due to the internal pressure that occurs, the surfaces of the gas bubbles are usually relatively smooth, in contras...")
09:3709:37, 2 December 2025 Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT) (hist | edit) [4,076 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT)}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Full notch creep test (FNCT) __FORCETOC__ ==Experimental Method== For a long time, the Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT) ('''Fig. 1'''), standardized in ISO 16770 [1], has extensively been used in Europe for the accelerated characterization of slow crack growth (SCG). ==Test specimen and characteristic parameter== The...")
09:3709:37, 2 December 2025 FTIR Spectroscopy (hist | edit) [2,845 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=FTIR-Spektroskopie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} FTIR spectroscopy __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals of FTIR spectroscopy== FTIR spectroscopy (often just called IR spectroscopy) is one of the most important methods for the identification and structure elucidation of plastics. It belongs to the methods of molecular spectroscopy. Infrared light in the wavelength range from 2.5 to 25 μm cau...")
09:3509:35, 2 December 2025 F-Scan Technique (hist | edit) [5,134 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=F-Bild-Technik}} {{PSM_Infobox}} F-scan technique __FORCETOC__ ==Introduction== The F-scan is a special ultrasound testing and evaluation method for two-dimensional imaging of the Fourier-transformed amplitudes of a tested specimen volume (see: frequency analysis). As with the C-scan, it is composed of A-Scan Techni...")
09:3409:34, 2 December 2025 Fracture Types (hist | edit) [6,179 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Brucharten}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture types __FORCETOC__ ==Types of fracture== In fracture mechanics, macroscopic examination of fracture surfaces initially distinguishes between normal stress fracture (separating fracture) and shear fracture. Depending on the type of mechanical stress, uniaxial stress is referred to as fast (bri...")
09:3309:33, 2 December 2025 Fracture Process Zone (hist | edit) [5,854 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchprozesszone}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture process zone __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Blumenauer [1] describes that crack propagation is determined by interaction processes between microcracks and morphology, generally referred to as microstructure in metals, in an area close to the crack tip. In...")
09:3209:32, 2 December 2025 Fracture Mirror (hist | edit) [6,556 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchspiegel}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture mirror __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Information about the cause of the fracture (see: fracture formation), the type of stress (static, dynamic or tensile, bending, torsion, etc.) and...")
09:3109:31, 2 December 2025 Fracture Modes (hist | edit) [3,484 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchmoden}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture modes __FORCETOC__ ==General information== When deriving the fundamental relationships of fracture mechanics, three different possibilities for material separation at the crack tip (see also: crack) are assumed [1–3], resulting in a distinction between three Crack Opening Modes|crack o...")
09:2709:27, 2 December 2025 Fracture Mechanics (hist | edit) [15,213 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchmechanik}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture mechanics __FORCETOC__ ==Linear-elastic fracture mechanics== Fracture mechanics assumes that the fracture of a component and thus of the material occurs as a result of the propagation of cracks. It investigates the conditions for Crack Propagation|crack propaga...")
09:2709:27, 2 December 2025 Fracture Mechanical Testing (hist | edit) [3,921 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchmechanische Prüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture mechanical testing __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Different experimental methods can be used to determine fracture mechanics parameters for plastics and elastomers. The loading speed or the type of loading ( stress) is of great importance here, whic...")
09:2609:26, 2 December 2025 Fracture Behaviour of Plastics Components (hist | edit) [2,640 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchverhalten von Kunststoffbauteilen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture behaviour of plastic components __FORCETOC__ When used as construction materials for plastic components, plastics are generally regarded as materials with particularly high ductility. However, it can be deduced from the large number of cases of damage th...")
09:2409:24, 2 December 2025 Fracture Behaviour (hist | edit) [6,411 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchverhalten}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture behaviour, plastics __FORCETOC__ ==General information== Depending on the type and stress conditions, polymer materials (see also: plastics) exhibit very different behaviour at break. Some semi-crystalline polymers such as polyamide (abbreviation: PA), polyethylene (...")
09:2309:23, 2 December 2025 Fractography (hist | edit) [7,810 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Fraktographie}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fractography __FORCETOC__ ==Definition of terms== The term fractography refers to the visual, macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the fracture surfaces of broken components and parts as well as test specimens. This examination method for defining the causes of fracture (see: Fracture Formati...")
09:2309:23, 2 December 2025 Fracture (hist | edit) [3,047 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruch}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fracture __FORCETOC__ ==The fracture of plastics== Fracture is the most dangerous cause of failure on the material side. The term "fracture" refers to the macroscopic separation of the material leading to the loss of the load-bearing capacity of the body. In the case of plastics, material separation occurs through the brea...")
09:2009:20, 2 December 2025 Flexural Modulus (hist | edit) [16,200 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Biegemodul}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Flexural modulus __FORCETOC__ ==Determination methods== The flexural modulus ''E''f is usually determined in a three-point or four-point bending test under quasi-static loading [1–3] on plastics or S...")
09:1909:19, 2 December 2025 Fibre-reinforced Plastics Fracture Model (hist | edit) [10,791 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bruchmodell faserverstärkte Kunststoffe}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fibre-reinforced plastics fracture model __FORCETOC__ ==Models for describing the mechanical deformation and crack propagation behaviour of fibre-reinforced plastics [1]== Theoretical models for calculating the mechanical behaviour of composite materials based on the properties of the component...")
09:1809:18, 2 December 2025 Fibre-reinforced Plastics (hist | edit) [11,638 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Faserverstärkte Kunststoffe}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fibre-reinforced plastics __FORCETOC__ ==Classification of fibre-reinforced plastics== The term ‘fibre-reinforced plastics’ (FRP) or ‘fibre-plastic composites’ is a synonym for an extremely heterogeneous group of materials, which is characterised by the type of fibre reinforcement and the fibre volume f...")
09:1709:17, 2 December 2025 Fatigue Crack Propagation Elastomers (hist | edit) [13,223 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Ermüdungsrissausbreitung Elastomere}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fatigue crack propagation elastomers or crack growth curves elastomers __FORCETOC__ ==Measurement and testing requirements== The development and use of cyclic (dynamic) testing methods for elastomers is closely linked to the development of ‘Tear and Fatigue Analyses (TFA)’ by Bayer in collaboration with the company [http://ww...")
09:1609:16, 2 December 2025 Fatigue Strength (hist | edit) [5,601 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=eng|ARTIKEL=Dauerfestigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Fatigue strength or continuous fatigue strength __FORCETOC__ ==Determination of fatigue strength== The aim of a vibration test or fatigue test is to determine the vibration strength, or fatigue strength ''σ''D for short. ''σ''D characterises the maximum stress amplitude ''σ''a that a...")

11:2811:28, 1 December 2025 Error Limit (hist | edit) [1,466 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Fehlergrenze}} {{PSM_Infobox}} A-Bild-Technik __FORCETOC__ ==Explanation of terms== In measurement or testing technology, error limits or limit deviations [1] are agreed or guaranteed maximum values for positive or negative deviations of the measured value display (output) of a measuring device from the correct value [2] (see also: measured value). Error limits mus...")
11:2811:28, 1 December 2025 Errors (hist | edit) [2,817 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Fehler}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Product errors __FORCETOC__ ==Product defects== An essential legal basis for materials testing is the Product Liability Act (Produkthaftungsgesetz, Gesetz über die Haftung für fehlerhafte Produkte – ProdHaftG) of 15 December 1989 (Federal Law Gazette/p. 2198). Section 3 of this Act defines the term ‘defect’ as follows: A produc...")
11:2511:25, 1 December 2025 Environmental-SEM (ESEM) (hist | edit) [6,630 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Umgebungs-REM}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Environmental-SEM (ESEM) (Author: Dr. Armin Zankel) __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The method described here has different names in both German-language and English-language literature, which is partly due to different manufacturers. The characteristic feature of this scanning electron microscope method (SEM) ('''Fig. 1''') is the significantly l...")
11:2511:25, 1 December 2025 Energy Elasticity (hist | edit) [4,617 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Energieelastizität}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Energy elasticity __FORCETOC__ ==Structural causes of energy elasticity== The structural cause of energy-elastic behaviour is the change in the average atomic distances and bond angles when mechanical stresses are applied. The mechanical work required to do this is stored in the form of potential energy (increase in internal energy) an...")
11:2311:23, 1 December 2025 ENF-Specimen (hist | edit) [5,127 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=ENF-Prüfkörper}} {{PSM_Infobox}} ENF specimen __FORCETOC__ ==General== The Anglo-Saxon abbreviation ENF stands for "End-Notched Flexure". The ENF test specimen is used to determine the interlaminar fracture toughness of mode II loading. A critical energy release rate in plane strain is determined as a fracture mechanical parameter....")
11:2211:22, 1 December 2025 Electronic Instrumentation (hist | edit) [7,951 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Instrumentierung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Instrumentation __FORCETOC__ ==Registration of load (force) and deflection (displacement)== Instrumentation refers to the equipping of frequently non-instrumented testing equipment in materials testing, such as pendulum impact testers and hardness testing systems, with load (force) an...")
11:1911:19, 1 December 2025 Electrical Strength (hist | edit) [8,854 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Elektrische Durchschlagfestigkeit}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Electrical strength, Electrical breakdown strength or Electrical breakdown resistance __FORCETOC__ ==General principles and definition== Electrical strength is the electric field strength at which the conductivity of an insulator increases by several orders of magnitude. A polymeric insulation material cannot withstand the influenc...")
11:0211:02, 1 December 2025 Elastomer Dispersion Filler (hist | edit) [4,136 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Elastomere Dispersion Füllstoffe}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Elastomers Dispersion Filler __FORCETOC__ ==Types of interaction between fillers and matrix== The mechanical properties of filled elastomers are decisively influenced by the dispersion of the fillers (carbon black, silica, etc.), which must therefore be analyzed in detail [1]. The filler distribution in elastomer mate...")
11:0211:02, 1 December 2025 Elastomers (hist | edit) [4,228 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Elastomere}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Elastomers __FORCETOC__ ==Composition of elastomers== Elastomers are incompressible, cross-linked polymer materials that solidify like glass below their glass transition temperature, which is usually well below 0 °C, do not flow viscously even at high temperatures and are elastically deformable in the range between their...")
09:3909:39, 1 December 2025 Elastic Modulus (hist | edit) [19,974 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Elastizitätsmodul}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Elastic modulus __FORCETOC__ ==Introduction== In addition to the Poisson's ratio, the modulus of elasticity (modulus ''E'') is also an important parameter for describing the energy-elastic properties (see: energy elasticity) of plastics. The short-term moduli ''E''t...")
09:3809:38, 1 December 2025 Elasticity (hist | edit) [3,164 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Elastizität}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Elasticity plastics __FORCETOC__ ==Types of deformation== Under certain conditions, most materials, or rather the moulded bodies made from them, exhibit elastic behaviour, i.e. they expand under load and then contract again when the load is removed. file:Elasticity_1.jpg {| |- valign="top" |width="50px"|'''Fig. 1''': |width="600px" |Deformation b...")
09:3709:37, 1 December 2025 Ehrenstein, Gottfried W. (hist | edit) [6,736 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Ehrenstein, Gottfried W.}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Ehrenstein, Gottfried W. __FORCETOC__ File:Ehrenstein-1.jpg {| |- valign="top" |width="50px"|'''Photo''': |width="600px"|Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr. h. c. Gottfried W. Ehrenstein, 14. Oktober 2008, Awarded honorary membership of the ‘Akademie Mitteldeutsche Kunststoffinnovationen' |} Prof. Dr. Gottfried W. Ehrenstein (1937 – 2021), bo...")
09:3609:36, 1 December 2025 Effective Crack Length (hist | edit) [3,110 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Effektive Risslänge}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Effective crack length __FORCETOC__ ==The environment of the crack tip== In the case of macroscopically brittle fracture behaviour, plastic deformation often occurs due to stress concentration in front of the crack tip, i.e. the formation of a Plastic Zone|plastic zon...")
08:5508:55, 1 December 2025 Ductility Plastics (hist | edit) [8,915 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Duktilität}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Ductility plastics __FORCETOC__ ==General== In the field of solids, the terms strength, toughness, viscosity, as well as brittleness and ductility are used for property evaluation [1]. In the literature, ductile and toughness material behaviour are often used synonymously without a...")
08:5308:53, 1 December 2025 D-Scan Technique (hist | edit) [6,392 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=D-Bild-Technik}} {{PSM_Infobox}} D-scan technique __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The D-scan is an ultrasound testing and evaluation method for two-dimensional imaging of the acoustic properties of the surfaces of test specimens. The D-scan, which is usually generated together with the C-scan, is co...")
08:5108:51, 1 December 2025 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) (hist | edit) [14,721 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Differential Scanning Calorimetry}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Differential scanning calorimetry __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals of the DSC method== Dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a testing method frequently used in plastics analysis to measure the thermal energy of a sample during heating (see also: thermal conductivity), cooling, or isothermal storage...")
08:5008:50, 1 December 2025 Dielectric Properties (hist | edit) [6,992 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Dielektrische Eigenschaften}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Dielectric properties and dielectric loss factor __FORCETOC__ ==Physical fundamentals== Most amorphous and semi-crystalline plastics used in technical applications are electrical insulators, which is why they are often used for cable sheathing, housings or in capacitors. Their electrical or dielectric properties are largely d...")
08:4708:47, 1 December 2025 Dielectric Loss Factor (hist | edit) [5,760 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Dielektrischer Verlustfaktor}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Dielectiric loss factor __FORCETOC__ ==Fundamentals== An electric field exerts forces on a plastic (dielectric) that influence the molecular electrostatics and lead to a charge shift between adjacent potential surfaces. This is associated with a polarisation of the dielectric, which is an essential property of the Plastics|plastic mate...")
08:4608:46, 1 December 2025 Density (hist | edit) [16,665 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Dichte}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Density __FORCETOC__ ==General information== To determine the density, the mass and the volume must generally be determined. The density ''ρ'' of a homogeneous body is defined as the ratio of the mass ''m'' to the total volume ''V'', i.e. {| |- |width="20px"| |width="500px" | <math>\rho\,=\, \frac{m}{V}</math> |} where ''V'' is the volume of the total amou...")
08:4508:45, 1 December 2025 Degree of Cross-Linking Elastomers (hist | edit) [9,069 bytes] Oluschinski (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Vernetzungsgrad Elastomere}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Degree of cross-linking elastomers __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The properties of elastomers are determined by the cross-linking density and the chemical structure of the cross-links [1]. The crosslinking density depends on the crosslinking system, the concentration of the reaction partners, the vulcanization time (see Vulcanizat...")

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1 December 2025