Crosshead Speed
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Crosshead speed
Fundamental Introduction
Universal testing machines (see material testing machine) usually have two mechanical supports that are used to attach load cells, fixtures and clamping fixtures. The stationary support is called the crosshead, and the support that moves up or down is the crosshead. In electromechanical testing machines, the crosshead connects the rotating spindles (generally one, two or four) and can also be used to attach additional devices such as special strain measurement systems.
In hydraulic testing machines for dynamic or high-speed tests, the crosshead is usually connected directly to the hydraulic cylinder.
The speed (see: velocity) at which the crosshead moves is referred to as the crosshead speed and thus corresponds to a basic control loop of the universal testing machine. This means that the speed must remain constant regardless of the test force. In principle, a distinction is made between electromechanical universal testing machines for quasi-static tests and servo-hydraulic testing machines for dynamic or oscillating loads or high-speed tests, whereby hybrid systems (see material testing machine) are also available on the market.
| Material Testing Machine | Crosshead Speed |
|---|---|
| Quasistatic Test | 10-3 mm min-1 to 1,000 mm min-1 |
| High-speed test | 5 m s-1 bis 80 m s-1 |
An overview of the variety of terms used in this WIKI-dictionary of “Plastics Testing & Diagnostics” is listed under speed (see: velocity).
See also
References
- ISO 14129 (1997-12): Fibre-reinforced Plastic Composites – Determination of the In-plane Shear Stress/Shear Strain Response, Including the In-plane Shear Modulus and Strength, by the ±45° tension Test Method
- ISO 11339 (2022-02): Adhesives – T-peel Test for Flexible-to-Flexible Assembles
- Bierögel, C.: Quasistatic Test Methods. In Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser, Munich (2022) 3. Edition, pp. 101–143 (ISBN 978-1-56990-806-8; E-book ISBN 978-1-56990-807-5; see AMK-Library under A 22)