Measure Deviation
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Measure Deviation
A precise understanding of the causes of systematic or random measurement deviations is crucial for the accuracy and precision of measurement procedures. Measurement results are not error-free, but fluctuate to a greater or lesser extent around a central value and, depending on the quality of the measurement procedure, deviate to a greater or lesser extent from a value recognised as ‘true’.
The difference between a measurement result and the ‘true’ value consists of two components: one component caused by random measurement deviations (fluctuations) in the measurement results and a second component caused by systematic measurement deviations. The systematic measurement deviation generally remains constant in magnitude and sign within a series of measurements and applies to all measurement points, while the random measurement deviation is a property of a single measurement point and thus varies randomly in magnitude and sign.
The lower the systematic measurement deviation of the individual values, the higher the accuracy of the mean value of the measurement series and thus of the analysis method. The smaller the mean random measurement deviation of the individual values, the higher the precision of the measurement series and the analysis method. The combination of systematic and random measurement deviation is referred to as accuracy and should be regarded as an umbrella term for precision and correctness.
Every analytical method involves systematic and random measurement deviations, so that even certified reference values do not reflect the true values, but rather the correct values, i.e. generally accepted values that are subject to uncertainty. The true value of a measured variable is therefore naturally unknown; it is theoretical in nature and can never be determined with certainty. Thus, every calibration (see: calibration), i.e. the determination of the deviation between the measured and correct values, and every adjustment (see: adjustment), i.e. the adaptation of the measured value to the correct value, is determined by the accuracy of the reference material. The same applies to every measurement (see: measure) based on this adjustment.
See also
- Measure
- Measured value
- Measuring accuracy
- Measured value accuracy
- Measuring uncertainty
- Measuring device monitoring
References
• Parthier, R.: Messtechnik: Grundlagen und Anwendungen der elektrischen Messtechnik für alle technischen Fachrichtungen und Wirtschaftsingenieure. Vieweg Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden, (2007) 4th Edition (ISBN 978-3-834-80336-8) • Stroppe, H.: Physik für Studenten der Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften. Carl Hanser, Munich, (2011) 15th Edition (ISBN 978-3-446-42771-6) • QZ-Online: Prüfmittelmanagement und Kalibrierung (Teil 1) | QZ-online.de: https://www.qz-online.de/qualitaets-management/qm-basics/messen_pruefen/pruefmittelmanagement/artikel/pruefmittelmanagement-und-kalibrierung-teil-1-267991.html?article.page=4