Peel Test
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Peel test
General remarks
The T-peel test based on ASTM D 1876 ‘Standard Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test)’ and the fixed-arm peel test based on the ESIS TC4 proposed standard ‘Peel Testing of Flexible Laminates’ are available for characterising the peel behaviour of plastic or metal films and metal-plastic composites.
T-peel test
The aim of the T-peel test shown in Fig. 1a is to characterise the peel behaviour of films under symmetrical pull-off conditions. A peel angle of 90° is achieved. This experiment is a simple and quick method for determining the peel behaviour of corresponding peel test specimens and can therefore also be used for production and quality control.
Fixed-arm peel test
The aim of the fixed-arm peel test shown in Fig. 1b is to characterise the peel behaviour of films at defined peel angles. To do this, one peel arm of the test specimen is bonded to a narrow brass plate, whereby the adhesive force must be many times greater than the expected peel force. Once the test specimen has been prepared, the brass plate is mounted in the fixed-arm peel tester and the remaining free peel arm is clamped in the clamping device.
The peel force–fracture path diagrams (peel curves) recorded with the help of the peel tests are evaluated accordingly. The characteristic plateau of the peel curve between 20 % and 80 % of the traverse path is used for the evaluation of the peel force.
A fracture mechanical characterisation of the peel process includes the calculation of the energy release rate GIc.
| Fig. 1: | Characterisation of the peel behaviour of films using the T-peel test (a) and the fixed-arm peel test (b) |
See also
- Peel process
- Peel properties of peel systems
- T-Peel test (90°/90°)
- Fixed-arm peel test (0°/variable)
- Peel angle
References
- Reincke, K., Grellmann, W.: Approaches to characterise the mechanical properties of films and elastomers. In: Grellmann, W., Langer, B. (Eds.): Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Polymer Materials. Springer, Berlin (2017) 257–270 (ISBN 978-3-319-41877-3; E-Book: ISBN 978-3-319-41879-7; see AMK-Library under A 19)
- Nase, M., Rennert, M., Henning, S., Zankel, A., Naumenko, K., Grellmann, W.: Fracture Mechanics characterisation of peel films. In: Grellmann, W., Langer, B.: Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Polymer Materials. Springer Series in Materials Science 247, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2017) 271–281 (ISBN 978-3-319-41877-3; see AMK-Library under A 19)
- Nase, M: Zusammenhang zwischen Herstellungsbedingungen, übermolekularer Struktur und Eigenschaften von Peelfolien. Shaker Publishing 2010 (ISBN 978-3-8322-9099-3; see AMK-Library under B 1-17)
- ESIS-TC4: A Protocol for Determination of the Adhesive Fracture Toughness of Flexible Laminates by Peel Testing: Fixed-Arm and T-peel Methods (2007) PDF-Download