Oluschinski at 07:13, 15 December 2025

2025-12-15T07:13:42Z

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Oluschinski: /* Definition of rebound resilience */

2025-12-15T07:09:55Z

Definition of rebound resilience

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Oluschinski: Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Rückprallelastizität}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Rebound resilience elastomers FORCETOC ==General== Elastomeric materials are used as shock and vibration absorbers due to their damping properties. Elastomers in particular, such as natural rubber ( plastics – symbols and abbreviated terms: NR), isobutylene-isoprene rubber (Plastics – S..."

2025-12-05T13:07:35Z

Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Rückprallelastizität}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Rebound resilience elastomers __FORCETOC__ ==General== Elastomeric materials are used as shock and vibration absorbers due to their damping properties. Elastomers in particular, such as natural rubber ( plastics – symbols and abbreviated terms: NR), isobutylene-isoprene rubber (Plastics – S..."

New page

{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Rückprallelastizität}}
{{PSM_Infobox}}
Rebound resilience elastomers
__FORCETOC__

==General==

Elastomeric materials are used as shock and vibration absorbers due to their damping properties. Elastomers in particular, such as natural rubber ([[Plastics – Symbols and Abbreviated Terms | plastics – symbols and abbreviated terms]]: NR), isobutylene-isoprene rubber ([[Plastics – Symbols and Abbreviated Terms | plastics – symbols and abbreviated terms]]: IIR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber ([[Plastics – Symbols and Abbreviated Terms | plastics – symbols and abbreviated terms]]: NBR) and styrene-butadiene rubber ([[Plastics – Symbols and Abbreviated Terms | plastics – symbols and abbreviated terms]]: SBR) are suitable for these applications because they exhibit high damping over a wide temperature range [1].

==Definition of rebound resilience==

The determination of the rebound resilience (''R'') according to DIN 53512 [2] or ISO 4662 [3] allows an evaluation of the damping behaviour of elastomeric materials. Here, a pendulum (Schob pendulum) with a working capacity of 0.5 J strikes the surface of a test [[Specimen | specimen]] vertically at a defined [[Velocity | velocity]]. The rebound resilience is defined by the quotient of the rebound height ''h''R and the height of fall of the pendulum ''h''0 or by the ratio of the energy gained ''E''R to the energy expended ''E''A:

{|
|-
|width="20px"|
|width="500px" | <math> R = \frac{h_R}{h_0} \cdot 100 \ %</math>
|(1)
|}

{|
|-
|width="20px"|
|width="500px" | <math> R = \frac{E_R}{E_A} \ (%)</math>
|(2)
|}

The following relationship exists between rebound resilience and loss factor tan ''δ'' for small values of the loss factor [1]:

{|
|-
|width="20px"|
|width="500px" | <math> R = \frac{E_R}{E_A} = 1 - \pi \cdot tan \ \delta</math>
|(3)
|}

The higher the [[Material Value | value]] determined for the [[Material Parameter | parameter]] ''R'', the better the dynamic-mechanical behaviour (see also: [[Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis (DMA) – General Principles|Dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA)]] – General principles) can be assessed under the test-methodical boundary conditions with regard to the type of [[Stress | stress]] and [[Test Speed | test speed]].

==Application examples==

The '''Figure 1''' shows the relationship between rebound resilience and material composition. The carbon black reinforced SBR vulcanisate shows a higher rebound resilience compared to the vulcanisate with an additional standard plasticiser. If, on the other hand, bio-based plasticisers were mixed in, higher values for rebound resilience were determined in some cases compared to the vulcanised material (see also: [[Vulcanization]]) without plasticisers. The higher the determined [[Material Value | material value]], the more elastic the material.

[[file:Rebound resilience elastomers 1.jpg]]
{|
|- valign="top"
|width="50px"|'''Fig. 1''':
|width="600px" |Rebound resilience for carbon black reinforced (50 phr) SBR vulcanisates with different plasticisers (15 phr) (own investigations [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_Service_Merseburg Polymer Service GmbH Merseburg (PSM))])
|}

A direct correlation between the rebound resilience and the [[SHORE Hardness | SHORE A hardness]] material values (see Table 1) cannot be established. The highest Shore A hardness value of A 72 was determined for the vulcanisate without plasticiser (SBR/carbon black). However, the highest values for rebound resilience were determined for the vulcanisates with bio-based plasticiser 1, with 54 SHORE A.

'''Table 1:''' SHORE A hardness values for carbon black reinforced (50 phr) SBR vulcanisates with different plasticisers (own studies [https://www.polymerservice-merseburg.de Polymer Service GmbH Merseburg (PSM))])

{| border="1px" style="border-collapse:collapse"
!! style="width:300px; background:#DCDCDC" | Vulcanisate
!! style="width:200px; background:#DCDCDC" | SHORE A (-)

|-
|SBR/carbon black
|style="text-align:center" | 72 ± 0.55
|-
|SBR/carbon black with standard plasticiser
|style="text-align:center" | 60 ± 0.21
|-
|SBR/carbon black with bio-based plasticiser 1
|style="text-align:center" | 54 ± 0.86
|-
|SBR/carbon black with bio-based plasticiser 2
|style="text-align:center" | 55 ± 0.61
|-
|SBR/carbon black with bio-based plasticiser 3
|style="text-align:center" | 56 ± 0.53
|}

The investigations show that elastomers with the same SHORE A hardness values can have very different rebound resilience. Finally, the rebound resilience enables a statement to be made about the hysteresis behaviour (see also: [[Compression Hardness | compression hardness]]) under impact stress, which describes the purely elastic behaviour of a material.

==Correlation of rebound resilience with SHORE A hardness==

From the application example, it becomes clear that it is difficult to conclude the rebound resilience from the SHORE A hardness, which is relatively easy to determine experimentally. Rebound resilience is a structure-sensitive material parameter that depends on the elastomer type, the material formulation (with plasticiser) and the test temperature.

==See also==

*[[Vulcanization]]
*[[Elasticity]]
*[[Ductility Plastics |Ductility plastics]]
*[[SHORE Hardness]]

'''References'''

{|
|-valign="top"
|[1]
|Röthemeyer, F., Sommer, F.: Kautschuk Technologie. Carl Hanser Munich, 2nd revised edition (2006), (ISBN 978-3-446-40480-9)
|-valign="top"
|[2]
|DIN 53512 (2000-04): Testing of Rubber – Determination of Rebound Resilience (Schob Pendulum)
|-valign="top"
|[3]
|ISO 4662 (2017-06): Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic Elastomers – Determination of Rebound Resilience
|-valign="top"
|[4]
|Schnetger, J.: Lexikon Kautschuktechnik. Hüthig, 3rd completely revised and expanded edition (2004), (ISBN 978-3-7785-3022-1; see [[AMK-Büchersammlung | AMK-Library]] under K 7)
|}

[[Category:Elastomers]]
[[Category:Deformation]]
[[Category:Impact Tests]]

Rebound Resilience Elastomers - Revision history

Oluschinski at 07:13, 15 December 2025

Oluschinski: /* Definition of rebound resilience */