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{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Mikroskopische Struktur}}
{{PSM_Infobox}}
<span style="font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;">Microscopic structure</span>
__FORCETOC__

==Chemical and physical structure of polymers==

In addition to the macroscopic [[Polymers & Structure|structure]] of polymer material systems, the microscopic structure of the [[Polymer|polymers]], [[Polymer Blend|polymer blends]] or polymer composites involved is of great importance with regard to their influence on the [[Material & Werkstoff|material]] properties [1, 2]. The microscopic structure of polymers is made up of the chemical (molecular) and the physical (supermolecular) structure (see '''figure''').

[[file:Microscopic Structure.jpg|600px]]
{|
|- valign="top"
|width="50px"|'''Bild''':
|width="600px" |Relationship between microscopic structure, influencing conditions and mechanical properties of polymers [1–4]
|}

The chemical structure includes the molecular weight, the molecular weight distribution, the degree of branching (using the example of polyethylene) and the tacticity (using the example of polybutene-1) as well as the constitution of the macromolecules. The physical structure includes the mixing ratio in the case of a polymer blend, the phase structure, i.e. the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous or co-continuous phase(s) (see also: [[Phase Boundary Surface|phase boundary surface]]), the size of the particles dispersed in the matrix in the case of a matrix-particle structure (heterogeneous phase structure), the degree of [[Crystallinity|crystallinity]] and the shape of the super-molecular structure that forms, as well as the orientation of the crystalline phase [1, 2].

==Microscopic structure of a PE-LD/iPB-1 blend system==

The physical structure is significantly influenced by the chemical structure and the manufacturing and processing conditions. If, for example, the microscopic structure of a peel film blend system made of linear polyethylene and isotactic polybutene-1 (PE-LD/iPB-1 peel film blend system) is considered, the iPB-1 concentration in said peel film blend system is usually up to 20 wt.-%. Within this mixing ratio, the mixing of PE-LD and iPB-1 in the melt state leads to the formation of a matrix–particle structure, as PE-LD and iPB-1 are incompatible [5–7]. The incompatibility results from the given chemical structure of the two blend components. Thus, the blend components PE-LD and iPB-1 crystallise separately and form a corresponding supermolecular structure.

Further information on the relationship between the manufacturing conditions of the supermolecular structure and the mechanical properties of the peel film blend system is given in [8] or in the explanation of the following terms:

* [[T-Peel Test|T-peel test]]
* [[Fixed-arm Peel Test|Fixed-arm peel test]]
* [[Peel Properties of Peel Systems|peel properties of peel systems]]
* [[Peel Force – Elongation Diagram|peel force–elongation diagram]]
* [[Peel Angle|peel angle]]

==See also==

* [[Micromechanics & Nanomechanics|Micromechanics & nanomechanics]]
* [[Phase Boundary Surface | Phase boundary surface]]
* [[Plastics]]
* [[Polymers & Structure | Polymers & structure]]

'''References'''

{|
|-valign="top"
|[1]
|[[Michler,_Goerg Hannes|Michler, G. H.]] (Ed.): Kunststoff-Mikromechanik. Morphologie, Deformations- und Bruchmechanismen. Carl Hanser, Munich Vienna (1992), (ISBN 3-446-17068-5; see [[AMK-Büchersammlung | AMK-Library]] under F 1)
|-valign="top"
|[2]
|Michler, G. H.: Atlas of Polymer Structures. Morphology, Deformation and Fracture Structures. Carl Hanser, Munich (2016) (ISBN 978-1-56990-557-9; E-Book ISBN 978-1-56990-558-6; see [[AMK-Büchersammlung | AMK-Library]] under F 14)
|-valign="top"
|[3]
|Wunderlich, B. (Ed.): Macromolecular Physics. Vol. 1: Crystal Structure, Morphology, Defects. Academic Press Inc., New York (2005) (ISBN 978-0-12-765601-4)
|-valign="top"
|[4]
|Patel, R. M., Butler, T. I., Walton, K. L., Knight, G. W.: Investigation of Processing-structure-properties Relationships in Polyethylene Blown Films. Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994) 1506–1514; https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.760341911
|-valign="top"
|[5]
|Rist, H.: Leicht und ruckfrei aufreißen. Neue Verpackung 4 (2005) 182–184
|-valighn="top"
|[6]
|Stober, P., Rist, H.: Leicht und gefahrlos öffnen. Kunststoffe 6 (2004) 66–69
|-valign="top"
|[7]
|Hwo, C. C.: Polybutylene Blends as Easy Open Seal Coats for Flexible Packaging and Lidding. Journal of Plastic Film and Sheeting 3 (1987) 245–260
|-valign="top"
|[8]
|Nase, M.: Zusammenhang zwischen Herstellungsbedingungen, übermolekularer Struktur und Eigenschaften von Peelfolien. Shaker 2010 (ISBN 978-3-8322-9099-3; see [[AMK-Büchersammlung | AMK-Library]] under B 1-17)
|}

[[Category:Morphology and Micromechanics]]

Microscopic Structure - Revision history