Oluschinski at 06:14, 15 December 2025

2025-12-15T06:14:33Z

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	* Tangential load ''F''<sub>t</sub>		* Tangential load ''F''<sub>t</sub>
	* ~~EindringPenetration~~ depth ''h'', elastic and plastic (permanent) depth (''h''<sub>e</sub> and ''h''<sub>p</sub>)		* Penetration depth ''h'', elastic and plastic (permanent) depth (''h''<sub>e</sub> and ''h''<sub>p</sub>)
	* Scratch groove width ''w'' (microscopic)		* Scratch groove width ''w'' (microscopic)
	* Tangential path length (time)		* Tangential path length (time)
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	For this purpose, it is necessary to measure both the tangential load and the penetration depth as a function of time or the scratching path ('''Fig. 2''') and to measure the scratch groove width microscopically.		For this purpose, it is necessary to measure both the tangential load and the penetration depth as a function of time or the scratching path ('''Fig. 2''') and to measure the scratch groove width microscopically.

	[[file:~~instKratzpruefung3~~.~~JPG~~]]		[[file:InstScratchTest-3.jpg\|500px]]
	{\|		{\|
	\|- valign="top"		\|- valign="top"

Oluschinski: Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Instrumentierte Kratzprüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Instrumented scratch testing or registering scratch test FORCETOC ==Recording scratch testing machines== Instrumented scratch testing is carried out using recording scratch testing machines ('''Fig. 1'''), which have three-dimensionally movable measuring tables in a horizontal or vertical arrangement and corresponding indenters (e.g..."

2025-12-02T09:46:36Z

Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Instrumentierte Kratzprüfung}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Instrumented scratch testing or registering scratch test __FORCETOC__ ==Recording scratch testing machines== Instrumented scratch testing is carried out using recording scratch testing machines ('''Fig. 1'''), which have three-dimensionally movable measuring tables in a horizontal or vertical arrangement and corresponding indenters (e.g..."

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{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Instrumentierte Kratzprüfung}}
{{PSM_Infobox}}
Instrumented scratch testing or registering scratch test
__FORCETOC__

==Recording scratch testing machines==

Instrumented scratch testing is carried out using recording scratch testing machines ('''Fig. 1'''), which have three-dimensionally movable measuring tables in a horizontal or vertical arrangement and corresponding indenters (e.g. Rockwell or Vickers [[Indenter|indenters]]). These testing machines enable separate force and displacement measurement in the xyz or xz direction, whereby the test can be performed with penetration depth control, force control, penetration depth speed control or force speed control, depending on the testing machine, application and customer requirements (see also: [[Tensile Test Control|tensile test control]]).

[[file:instKratzpruefung1.JPG]][[file:instKratzpruefung2.JPG]]
{|
|- valign="top"
|width="50px"|'''Fig. 1''':
|width="600px"|Recording scratch testing machine from the company [https://www.coesfeld.com/en/index.html Coesfeld], a) General view b) Specimen table for film testing (vacuum table)
|}

==Performing the scratch test==

The instrumented scratch test is used for the multi-parameter evaluation of the [[Scratch Resistance|scratch resistance]] of [[Plastics|plastic]] [[Surface|surfaces]] of compact flat test [[Specimen|specimens]] or [[Component Testing|components]], coatings and paints on a substrate, as well as plastic films.

The measurement can be carried out in accordance with standards such as ISO 19252 or ASTM D 7027. However, these currently existing standards do not even begin to utilise the potential of the method, as they do not go beyond the exclusive evaluation of [[Measured Variable|measured variables]]. However, efforts are currently being made to utilise the adjustable experimental parameters and the [[Measured Variable|measurable variables]] directly for the reproducible determination of specific scratch properties, as shown in the '''Table 1''' below. Only then can the full potential of the method be utilised, as has already been the case with the [[Instrumented Hardness Testing – Method & Material Parameters|instrumented hardness test]].

==Measurement parameters of the scratch test==

'''Table 1''' contains a list of the experimental parameters of the [[Measured Variable|measured variables]] and the scratch properties of the instrumented scratch test.

{| border="1px" style="border-collapse:collapse"
|+ '''Table 1''': Experimental parameters, measured variables and scratch properties
!! style="width:200px; background:#DCDCDC" | Experimental parameter
!! style="width:200px; background:#DCDCDC" | Measurement variables
!! style="width:200px; background:#DCDCDC" | Scratch properties
|-
|
* Normal load ''F''n
* Indenter feed(scraper)-[[Velocity|speed]]
* Time after attempt
* Scraper groove length
|
* Tangential load ''F''t
* EindringPenetration depth ''h'', elastic and plastic (permanent) depth (''h''e and ''h''p)
* Scratch groove width ''w'' (microscopic)
* Tangential path length (time)
|
* Scatch hardness: ''H''s= 4''F''n/''w''2 (Rockwell)
* Plough hardness
* Apparent coefficient of friction
* Recovery: ''R'' = ''h''e/''h''
* Fracture mechanical analyses
|}

For this purpose, it is necessary to measure both the tangential load and the penetration depth as a function of time or the scratching path ('''Fig. 2''') and to measure the scratch groove width microscopically.

[[file:instKratzpruefung3.JPG]]
{|
|- valign="top"
|width="50px"|'''Fig. 2''':
|width="600px"|Load speed-controlled measurement on PVC using a recording scratch testing machine
|}

==See also==

* [[Scratch Resistance|scratch resistance]]
* [[Scratch Hardness|Scratch hardness]]
* [[Plastic Films & Varnishes – Surface Technology|Plastic films & Varnishes – Surface technology]]
* [[Instrumented Hardness Testing – Method & Material Parameters|Instrumented hardness testing – Method & Material parameters]]
* [[Instrumented Adhesion Test|Instrumented adhesion test]]
* [[Surface Testing Technology|Surface testing technology]]

'''References'''

* ISO 1518: Paints and Varnishes – Determination of Scratch Resistance –
**Part 1 (2023-05): Constant Loading Method
**Part 2 (2019-10): Variable-loading method
* ASTM D 7027 (2020): Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Scratch Resistance of Polymeric Coatings and Plastics Using an Instrumented Scratch Machine
* ISO 18922 (2003-05): Imaging Materials – Processed Photographic – Methods for Determining Scratch Resistance
* ISO 19252 (2025-05): Plastics – Determination of Scratch Properties
* Rybnicek, J., [https://researchgate.net/profile/Ralf-Lach Lach, R.], Dominguez, S. R., Tondl, D., Valek, R., [[Grellmann, Wolfgang|Grellmann, W.]]: Kratzfestigkeit von PA6-Nanokompositen. GAK – Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe 65 (2012) 775–783 (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235407233_Kratzfestigkeit_von_PA6-Nanokompositen)
* [[Reincke, Katrin|Reincke, K.]]: Testing of Polymeric Films. In: [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wolfgang-Grellmann Grellmann, W.], [[Seidler, Sabine|Seidler, S.]] (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Munich (2022) 3rd. Edition, pp. 643–678 (ISBN 978-1-56990-806-8; e-Book ISBN 978-1-56990-807-5; ePub ISBN 978-1-56990-802-2; see [[AMK-Büchersammlung|AMK-Library]] under A 22)

[[Category:Film Testing]]
[[Category:Surface Testing Technology]]

==Weblinks==

* Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia: Mohs, Carl Friedrich Christian; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Mohs

[[Category:Film Testing]]
[[Category:Surface Testing Technology]]

Instrumented Scratch Testing - Revision history

Oluschinski at 06:14, 15 December 2025