Oluschinski at 06:38, 4 September 2026

2026-09-04T06:38:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:38, 4 September 2026
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	* [[Sink Mark\|Sink mark]]		* [[Sink Mark\|Sink mark]]

			==References==
	~~'''~~References~~'''~~

	{\|		{\|
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	'''Additional references on polymer diagnostics/damage analysis '''		'''Additional references on polymer diagnostics/damage analysis '''

	*[[Ehrenstein,_Gottfried_W.\|Ehrenstein, G. W.]]: Kunststoff-Schadensanalyse – Methoden und Verfahren. Carl Hanser Munich, Vienna (1992) (ISBN 978-3-446-17329-3; see [[~~AMK-Büchersammlung\|~~AMK-Library]] under D 2)		*[[Ehrenstein,_Gottfried_W.\|Ehrenstein, G. W.]]: Kunststoff-Schadensanalyse – Methoden und Verfahren. Carl Hanser Munich, Vienna (1992) (ISBN 978-3-446-17329-3; see [[AMK-Library]] under D 2)
	*Ehrenstein, G. W.: SEM of Plastics Failure – REM von Kunststoffschäden. Carl Hanser, Munich(2010) (ISBN 978-3-446-42242-1; see [[~~AMK-Büchersammlung\|~~AMK-Library]] under D 5)		*Ehrenstein, G. W.: SEM of Plastics Failure – REM von Kunststoffschäden. Carl Hanser, Munich(2010) (ISBN 978-3-446-42242-1; see [[AMK-Library]] under D 5)
	*Engel, D., Klingele, H., Ehrenstein, G. W., Schaper, H.: Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen von Kunststoffschäden. Carl Hanser Munich, Vienna(1978) 1st Edition (ISBN 978-3-446-12560-5, see [[~~AMK-Büchersammlung\|~~AMK-Library]] under D 8)		*Engel, D., Klingele, H., Ehrenstein, G. W., Schaper, H.: Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen von Kunststoffschäden. Carl Hanser Munich, Vienna(1978) 1st Edition (ISBN 978-3-446-12560-5, see [[AMK-Library]] under D 8)
	*Brostow, W., Corneliussen, R. D.: Failure of Plastics. Carl Hanser Munich, Vienna(1986) (ISBN 978-3-446-14199-5; see [[~~AMK-Büchersammlung\|~~AMK-Library]] under D 10)		*Brostow, W., Corneliussen, R. D.: Failure of Plastics. Carl Hanser Munich, Vienna(1986) (ISBN 978-3-446-14199-5; see [[AMK-Library]] under D 10)
	*Ezrin, Myer: Plastics Failure Guide – Cause and Prevention. Carl Hanser, Munich, 2nd Edition (2013) (ISBN 978-1-56990-449-7; see [[~~AMK-Büchersammlung\|~~AMK-Library]] under D 7)		*Ezrin, Myer: Plastics Failure Guide – Cause and Prevention. Carl Hanser, Munich, 2nd Edition (2013) (ISBN 978-1-56990-449-7; see [[AMK-Library]] under D 7)
	*Kurr, F.: Praxishandbuch der Qualitäts- und Schadensanalyse für Kunststoffe. Carl Hanser Munich (2014) (ISBN 978-3-446-43775-3; see [[~~AMK-Büchersammlung\|~~AMK-Library]] under D 6-2)		*Kurr, F.: Praxishandbuch der Qualitäts- und Schadensanalyse für Kunststoffe. Carl Hanser Munich (2014) (ISBN 978-3-446-43775-3; see [[AMK-Library]] under D 6-2)

	[[category:Damage Analysis_Component Failure]]		[[category:Damage Analysis_Component Failure]]

Oluschinski: Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Gasblasen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} Gas bubbles FORCETOC ==Criteria for the formation of gas bubbles== Gas bubbles can occur in plastic components both inside and on the edges of moulded parts (see: moulding compound). Due to the internal pressure that occurs, the surfaces of the gas bubbles are usually relatively smooth, in contras..."

2025-12-02T08:38:55Z

Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Gasblasen}} {{PSM_Infobox}} <span style="font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;">Gas bubbles</span> __FORCETOC__ ==Criteria for the formation of gas bubbles== Gas bubbles can occur in plastic components both inside and on the edges of moulded parts (see: moulding compound). Due to the internal pressure that occurs, the surfaces of the gas bubbles are usually relatively smooth, in contras..."

New page

{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Gasblasen}}
{{PSM_Infobox}}
<span style="font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;">Gas bubbles</span>
__FORCETOC__

==Criteria for the formation of gas bubbles==

Gas bubbles can occur in [[Plastic Component|plastic components]] both inside and on the edges of moulded parts (see: [[Moulding Compound|moulding compound]]). Due to the internal pressure that occurs, the [[Surface|surfaces]] of the gas bubbles are usually relatively smooth, in contrast to those of [[Shrink Voids|vacuoles]] (see '''Figure 1'''). The gas bubbles are usually round or oval in shape and elongated in the direction of flow. Gas bubbles are caused by trapped air, moisture (see: [[Standard Atmospheres|standard atmospheres]]) low-boiling substances or decomposition.

Gas bubbles form during processing, especially in hygroscopic materials such as polyamides ([[Plastics – Symbols and Abbreviated Terms|abbreviation]]: PA), if the [[Material & Werkstoff|material]] is damp or has not been sufficiently pre-dried.

Other causes of gas bubble formation can be thermal decomposition, excessive melt temperature, excessive residence time in the cylinder of the processing machine, or trapped air due to missing or insufficient degassing during processing.

[[file:Gasblasen1.jpg]]
{|
|- valign="top"
|width="50px"|'''Fig. 1''':
|width="600px" |Gas bubbles in a [[Component Testing|component]] made of polyamide 66 with 35 M.-% glass fibres (PA66-GF35
|}

==See also==

* [[Errors|Error]]
* [[Shrink Voids|Shrink voids]]
* [[Hole Formation Films|Hole formation films]]
* [[Hole Formation Plastics|Hole formation plastics]]
* [[Micropores]]
* [[Sink Mark|Sink mark]]

'''References'''

{|
|-valign="top"
|[1]
|VDI 3822 Blatt 2.1.2 (2024-06): Schadensanalyse – Schäden an thermoplastischen Kunststoffprodukten durch fehlerhafte Verarbeitung
|}

'''Additional references on polymer diagnostics/damage analysis '''

*[[Ehrenstein,_Gottfried_W.|Ehrenstein, G. W.]]: Kunststoff-Schadensanalyse – Methoden und Verfahren. Carl Hanser Munich, Vienna (1992) (ISBN 978-3-446-17329-3; see [[AMK-Büchersammlung|AMK-Library]] under D 2)
*Ehrenstein, G. W.: SEM of Plastics Failure – REM von Kunststoffschäden. Carl Hanser, Munich(2010) (ISBN 978-3-446-42242-1; see [[AMK-Büchersammlung|AMK-Library]] under D 5)
*Engel, D., Klingele, H., Ehrenstein, G. W., Schaper, H.: Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen von Kunststoffschäden. Carl Hanser Munich, Vienna(1978) 1st Edition (ISBN 978-3-446-12560-5, see [[AMK-Büchersammlung|AMK-Library]] under D 8)
*Brostow, W., Corneliussen, R. D.: Failure of Plastics. Carl Hanser Munich, Vienna(1986) (ISBN 978-3-446-14199-5; see [[AMK-Büchersammlung|AMK-Library]] under D 10)
*Ezrin, Myer: Plastics Failure Guide – Cause and Prevention. Carl Hanser, Munich, 2nd Edition (2013) (ISBN 978-1-56990-449-7; see [[AMK-Büchersammlung|AMK-Library]] under D 7)
*Kurr, F.: Praxishandbuch der Qualitäts- und Schadensanalyse für Kunststoffe. Carl Hanser Munich (2014) (ISBN 978-3-446-43775-3; see [[AMK-Büchersammlung|AMK-Library]] under D 6-2)

[[category:Damage Analysis_Component Failure]]

Gas Bubbles - Revision history

Oluschinski at 06:38, 4 September 2026