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{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Elastomere}}
{{PSM_Infobox}}
<span style="font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;">Elastomers</span>
__FORCETOC__

==Composition of elastomers==

Elastomers are incompressible, cross-linked polymer materials that solidify like glass below their [[Glass Transition Temperature|glass transition temperature]], which is usually well below 0 °C, do not flow viscously even at high temperatures and are elastically deformable in the range between their glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature. Elastomer materials basically consist of the [[Polymer|polymer]] (rubber) or a [[Polymer Blend|polymer blend]] (blend of different rubbers, e.g. natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber), various additives and fillers or reinforcing materials.

==The property profile – Rubber elasticity==

A key property of elastomers is rubber elasticity ([[Entropy Elasticity|entropy elasticity]]), which is due to the wide-meshed, irreversible [[Cross-Linking Elastomers|cross-linking]] of the rubber molecules that occurs during [[Vulcanization|vulcanization]]. Compared to semi-crystalline [[Plastics|plastics]], elastomer materials have low modulus values in terms of application technology, can be strongly deformed with relatively low forces and largely return to their original shape after being relieved. The composition of a rubber compound largely determines the properties of the resulting elastomer material after [[Vulcanization|vulcanization]]. The chemical properties (e.g. [[Durability Elastomers|durability elastomers]]) are largely determined by the polymer type. The mechanical properties depend very much on the quantity and type of [[Elastomer Dispersion Filler|filler]] or reinforcing material. Furthermore, the quantity and the selected crosslinking system also determine both the mechanical properties and, for example, the temperature resistance.

==Production of elastomeric materials==

Various steps are required to produce an elastomer material:

* Formulation
* Compounding
* [[Vulcanization]]

All of these individual steps require careful consideration so that an optimum result is achieved for the specific application.

==Application behaviour of elastomeric materials==

Elastomer materials are not only exposed to mechanical stresses during the use of the [[Moulding Compound|moulded parts]] or [[Plastic Component|components]] made from them (tires, dampers, seals, conveyor belts, etc.), but also to a wide variety of environmental influences such as moisture, high or low temperatures, radiation or the influence of chemical substances, whereby combinations of these factors often occur. This can lead to a change in properties, which can be summarized under the term [[Ageing|“ageing”]]. The [[Ageing Elastomers|ageing of elastomers]] can be characterized as part of [[Durability Elastomers|resistance tests]].

==See also==

* [[Cross-linking Elastomers|Cross-linking elastomers]]
* [[Degree of Cross-Linking Elastomers|Degree of cross-linking elastomers]]
* [[Macrodispersion Degree Elastomers|Macrodispersion degree elastomers]]
* [[Abrasion Elastomers|Abrasion elastomers]]
* [[Fatigue Crack Propagation Elastomers|Fatigue crack propagation elastomers]]
* [[Elastomer Dispersion Filler|Elastomer dispersion filler]]
* [[Crack Resistance Curve – Elastomers Quasistatic|Crack resistance curve – Elastomers quasistatic]]
* [[SHORE Hardness – Material Development Elastomers|SHORE hardness – Material development elastomers]]
* [[Durability Elastomers|Durability elastomers]]

'''References'''

* Schnetger, J.: Lexikon der Kautschuktechnik. 4th Edition, Hüthig Buch Verlag, Heidelberg (2004) (ISBN 978-3-7785-3022-1; see [[AMK-Büchersammlung|AMK-Library]] under K 7)
* Röthemeyer, F., Sommer, F.: Kautschuktechnologie: Werkstoffe–Verarbeitung–Produkte, 3rd, newly revised Edition. Carl Hanser, Munich (2013), (ISBN 978-3-446-43776-0)
* Dick, J. S.: How to Improve Rubber Compounds. Carl Hanser, Munich (2014), (ISBN 978-1-56990-533-3; see [[AMK-Büchersammlung|AMK-Library]] under K 10)
* Abts, G.: Einführung in die Kautschuktechnologie. Carl Hanser, Munich (2007), (ISBN 978-3-446-40940-8)

[[category:Elastomers]]
[[category:Plastics]]

Elastomers - Revision history