Oluschinski at 05:29, 15 December 2025

2025-12-15T05:29:02Z

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	''Classic plastics components''		''Classic plastics components''

	* Moulded plastic parts (including semi-finished products) produced by shaping processes such as injection moulding, compression moulding, transfer moulding, extrusion or thermoforming; the starting products for this are standardised [[Moulding ~~Compounds~~\|moulding compounds]], predominantly [[Thermoplastic Material \| thermoplastics]]		* Moulded plastic parts (including semi-finished products) produced by shaping processes such as injection moulding, compression moulding, transfer moulding, extrusion or thermoforming; the starting products for this are standardised [[Moulding Compound\|moulding compounds]], predominantly [[Thermoplastic Material \| thermoplastics]]

	''Plastic components made from composite materials''		''Plastic components made from composite materials''

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{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bauteilprüfung}}
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<span style="font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;">Component testing</span>
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==Testing of plastic components==

Ensuring high quality is a fundamental requirement in the development and production process of [[Plastics | plastic]] [[Plastic Component | components]]. Special test procedures are used to test the functionality, serviceability, operational safety and lifetime of [[Plastic Component | plastic components]].

As a result of the component test, the aim is to successfully avoid failure. If a [[Component Failure|component failure]] nevertheless occurs, there is a mismatch between the property profile of the material (physical, mechanical, thermal and chemical properties) and the requirement profile of the component.

==Classification of plastic components==

Plastic components can be categorised into the following three groups, taking material aspects into account:

''Classic plastics components''

* Moulded plastic parts (including semi-finished products) produced by shaping processes such as injection moulding, compression moulding, transfer moulding, extrusion or thermoforming; the starting products for this are standardised [[Moulding Compounds|moulding compounds]], predominantly [[Thermoplastic Material | thermoplastics]]

''Plastic components made from composite materials''

* [[Fibre-reinforced Plastics | Fibre-reinforced plastics]] (GF, CF), manufactured using [[Thermosets | thermosetting resins]], which are processed by laminating, pressing (SMC, prepreg) or resin injection technology, among other methods, and used to create load-bearing components and structures

''Plastic components made from material composites''

* Plastic-metal composites known as hybrid structures, which are produced by injection moulding, extrusion (e.g. multi-layer composite pipes) or foaming processes (e.g. plastic wall pipes, sandwich elements)

For simple plastic components without special quality requirements, assessment according to general quality characteristics such as external appearance is often sufficient; for components with higher requirements, this is often not enough. In these cases, for example, dimensional tests, [[Strength|strength]] tests of various types and a wide range of functional tests may be necessary, for which more complex testing technologies such as [[Hybrid Methods | hybrid methods]] of [[Polymer Diagnostic | plastics diagnostics]] with high measurable resolution and accuracy (see [[Measuring Accuracy | measuring accuracy]] and [[Measuring Uncertainty | measuring uncertainty]]) are also required.

==Application and utilisation limits==

The main factors that determine the properties of a plastic product lie not only in the [[Moulding Compound|moulding compound]] properties themselves, but also in the design of the finished part and mould and the processing conditions. [[Material & Werkstoff|Material]] application and utilisation limits for [[Plastic Component|plastic components]] are derived from the special features of the macromolecular [[Polymers & Structure|structure]] of the individual [[Plastics|plastics]] and the physical and chemical changes during their service life.

The aim of a component test is to record the functionality and suitability for use as comprehensively as possible in order to ensure the suitability of the product for the intended use, taking into account the required lifetime on the basis of objectively measurable properties and subjective evaluation characteristics. The tests can be carried out using a wide variety of methods under defined [[Stress | stresses]] that are simulated as closely as possible to real-life conditions and, if necessary, intensified and accelerated over time (see: [[Stepped Isothermal Method, Macro Indentation Method|Stepped isothermal method, Macro indentation test]]) and [[Stepped Isothermal Method, Tensile Stress|stepped isothermal method, tensile stress]]) and defined pre-treatments and environmental influences in short-term or long-term tests (see: [[Tensile Test | tensile test]] and [[Tensile Creep Test | tensile creep test]]).

==See also==

* [[Plastic Component | Plastic component]]
* [[Crack Model according to GRIFFITH | Crack model according to GRIFFITH]]
* [[Composite Materials Testing|Composite materials testing]]
* [[Fracture Mechanics | Fracture mechanics]]
* [[Fracture Behaviour of Plastics Components | Fracture behaviour of plastics components]]

'''References'''

* Höninger, H.: Component Testing. In: [[Grellmann, Wolfgang|Grellmann, W.]], [[Seidler, Sabine|Seidler, S.]] (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Munich (2022) 3rd Edition, pp. 600/601 (ISBN 978-1-56990-806-8; E-Book: ISBN 978-1-56990-807-5; see [[AMK-Büchersammlung | AMK-Library]] under A 22)

[[category:Damage Analysis_Component Failure|Damage Analysis/Component Failure]]

Component Testing - Revision history

Oluschinski at 05:29, 15 December 2025