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{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=Bauteilversagen}}
{{PSM_Infobox}}
<span style="font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;">Component failure</span>
__FORCETOC__

==Property and requirements profile==

Component failure (see Figure) occurs when the material's property profile (physical, mechanical, thermal and chemical properties) does not match the component's requirement profile (see: [[Fracture Behaviour of Plastics Components|fracture behaviour of plastic components]]).

{|
|-valign="top"
|[[file:bauteilversagen_1.JPG|300px]]
|a)
|-valign="top"
|[[file:bauteilversagen_2.JPG|300px]]
|b)
|}
{|
|- valign="top"
|width="50px"|'''Figure''':
|width="600px" |Brittle fracture of a polyamide ([[Plastics – Symbols and Abbreviated Terms|abbreviation]]: PA) pipe
|}

==Common causes of failure==

Damage to [[Plastic Component | plastic components]] usually occurs in the form of [[Deformation|deformation]], [[Crack|cracking]], discolouration and [[Fracture|fracture]], with one of the most common causes of failure being [[Fracture Types|brittle fracture]] – the catastrophic failure of the component. Brittle fracture is promoted by various influencing factors, which can occur either individually or in combination (see: [[Brittle Fracture Promoting Factors|brittle fracture promoting factors]]). These include the chemical composition and material morphology (see: [[Microscopic Structure|microscopic structure]]), the component geometry and any imperfections and [[Crack|cracks]] that may be present, the type and [[Velocity|speed]] of [[Stress|stress]] and the stress state that occurs (see: [[Uniaxial Stress State|uniaxial]] and [[Multiaxial Stress State|multiaxial stress state]]), as well as the temperature and the media surrounding the component.

==Component design under mechanical stress==

In the event of component failure due to mechanical [[Stress|stress]], two causes of failure can be distinguished:

*Component failure due to purely mechanical [[Stress|stress]] is relatively rare. If a component fails in use as a result of purely mechanical stress, this is an indication that the component has been subjected to stress exceeding the permissible load limit (overstressing) or that it has not been used for its intended purpose (misuse). The permissible load limit is determined by the component design.

*Component failure occurs much more frequently as a result of mechanical [[Stress|stress]], even though the mechanical load does not exceed the load intended by the component design (subcritical stress). In these cases, the mechanical stress itself is not the actual cause of the damage. The cause can be found in the component design, the manufacturing quality, the choice of materials or the effect of external influences that were not anticipated in the component design. In these cases, the mechanical stress and the resulting failure are therefore merely indicators of other causes of damage.

To reduce component failure, close coordination between material selection, design, processing and use of [[Plastic Component | plastic components]] is required. The resulting factors that may influence the failure behaviour of the components must be identified, whereby mechanical [[Stress | stress]] is always involved but does not always have to be the cause of damage. Mechanical stress can therefore be the actual cause of damage or act as an indicator of another cause of damage (see also: [[Failure Analysis – Basics|failure analysis – basics]] and [[Failure Analysis Plastic Products, VDI-Guide 3822|failure analysis plastic products, VDI-Guide 3822]]).

==See also==

* [[Fracture Behaviour of Plastics Components | Fracture behaviour of plastics components]]
* [[Plastic Component | Plastic component]]
* [[Component Testing | Component testing]]
* [[Brittle Fracture Promoting Factors | Brittle fracture promoting factors]]
* [[Microscopic Structure | Microscopic structure]]
* [[Failure Analysis – Basics | Failure analysis – Basics]]
* [[Failure Analysis Plastic Products, VDI Guideline 3822 | Failure analysis plastic products, VDI guideline 3822]]
* [[Composite Materials Testing | Composite materials testing]]

'''References'''

* [[Bierögel, Christian|Bierögel, C.]], Langer, B., Müller, H., [[Grellmann, Wolfgang|Grellmann, W.]]: Schadensfallanalyse an Kunststoffbauteilen. Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2004, Neu-Ulm, 25.–26. November 2004, Werkstoff-Verlag Informationsgesellschaft mbH Frankfurt (ISBN 3-88355-337-9), pp. 231–236 [https://www.polymerservice-merseburg.de/fileadmin/inhalte/psm/veroeffentlichungen/Schadensfallanalyse_an_Kunststoffbauteilen_WP2004.pdf Download of the article as pdf-file]
* Bierögel, C., Langer, B., Müller, H., [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wolfgang-Grellmann Grellmann, W.]: Schadensfallanalyse an Kunststoffbauteilen. 10. Tagung Problemseminar "Deformation und Bruchverhalten von Kunststoffen", Merseburg, 15.–17. Juni 2005, Tagungsband CD-Rom (ISBN 3-86010-795-X), pp. 363–368 [https://www.polymerservice-merseburg.de/fileadmin/inhalte/psm/veroeffentlichungen/Schadensfallanalyse_an_Kunststoffbauteilen_WP2004.pdf Download]

[[category:Damage Analysis_Component Failure|Damage analysis/Component failure]]

Component Failure - Revision history