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Created page with "{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=CTS-Prüfkörper}} {{PSM_Infobox}} CTS-specimen __FORCETOC__ ==General information== The Anglo-Saxon abbreviation CTS stands for “Compact Tension Shear” and is referred to as the “Richard specimen” in German-speaking countries due to its inventor (DE 3041704 Richard/Hahn). The test specimen can be used to determine fracture mechanical characteristics under Fracture Modes|..."

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{{Language_sel|LANG=ger|ARTIKEL=CTS-Prüfkörper}}
{{PSM_Infobox}}
CTS-specimen
__FORCETOC__

==General information==

The Anglo-Saxon abbreviation CTS stands for “Compact Tension Shear” and is referred to as the “Richard specimen” in German-speaking countries due to its inventor (DE 3041704 Richard/Hahn).

The test specimen can be used to determine fracture mechanical characteristics under [[Fracture Modes|mode]] I, mode II, and [[Mixed-Mode Crack Propagation|mixed mode]] loading. Due to the advancing technical application of [[Composite Materials Testing|high-performance composites]], experimental methods for determining interlaminar fracture surface phenomena (see also: [[Interlaminar Shear Strength|interlaminar shear strength]]) have experienced a noticeable upswing.

==Requirements for test specimen geometry==

'''Specimen shape'''

[[File:CTS-Specimen-Fig1.jpg|500px]]
{|
|- valign="top"
|width="50px"|'''Fig. 1''':
|width="600px" |Schematic presentation of the CTS-specimen
|}
'''Typical Dimensions:'''
 
a/W <math>\ge</math> 0,5
 
H/2 = 0.85 W
 
C = 0.6 W
 
f = 0.2 W
 
B = 0.5 W
 
D = 0.15 W

'''Designation:'''

* 2-hole test specimen
* 4-hole test specimen
* 6-hole test specimen
* 16-hole test specimen

==Determination of fracture mechanics values using CTS-specimens==

The necessary testing technology is described in detail in patent specification DE 3041704 (Richard/Hahn) and enables the introduction of superimposed normal and shear stresses in test specimens. The test setup is used for the experimental investigation of [[Multiaxial Stress States|multiaxial stress states]].

Depending on the installation angle of the device in the [[Material Testing Machine|testing machine]], the stress state in the test cross-section of the test specimen can be varied from pure tension to tension/shear superposition to pure shear (see '''Fig. 2a''').

[[File:CTS-Specimen-Fig2.jpg|550px]]
{|
|- valign="top"
|width="50px"|'''Fig. 2''':
|width="600px" |Arrangement of loading device, test specimen, and force application (a) and 3-hole test specimen with testing device (b)
|}

The testing technology is used in [[Materials Testing|materials testing]], for [[Fracture Mechanics|fracture mechanics]] tests, crack propagation investigations, and in experimental stress analysis, as well as for testing welded and [[Adhesive Joints – Determination of Characteristic Values|bonded joints]] and [[Composite Materials Testing|composite materials]]. The simple test device is installed in materials testing machines (see: materials testing machine) together with fracture mechanics clamps or simple fork-shaped connecting elements (see '''Fig. 2b''').

Features:

* Introduction of superimposed normal and shear stress using a single, simple device
* Easy installation of the device in the materials testing machine using standard fracture mechanics fixtures in accordance with ASTM, ISO, etc., e.g., Instron Schenck fracture mechanics clamps PE-CS
* static and dynamic tests in the threshold range possible
* suitable for fracture mechanics investigations under Mode I, Mode II, and mixed mode conditions (see: [[Crack Opening Modes|crack opening modes]])
* generation of precisely reproducible [[Multiaxial Stress State|multiaxial stress states]]
* good accessibility of the test area of the test [[Specimen|specimen]]; this allows easy attachment of transducers or observation during, for example, stress-optical tests

A comprehensive selection of suitable test [[Specimen|specimens]] for [[Fracture Mechanical Testing|fracture mechanics tests]] on [[Plastics|plastics]] and [[Composite Materials Testing|composites]] is included in [[Specimen for Fracture Mechanics Tests|fracture mechanics test specimens]].

==See also==

* [[Specimen for Fracture Mechanics Tests|Specimen for fracture mechanics tests]]
* [[Arcan-Specimen|Arcan-specimen]]
* [[Fracture Mechanical Testing|Fracture mechanical testing]]
* [[Composite Materials Testing|Composite materials testing]]
* [[Mixed-Mode Crack Propagation|Mixed-mode crack propagation]]

==References==

* Benitz, K., Richard, H. A.: Z. Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981) p. 297
* Foschum S., Schlimmer M.: Probenentwicklung zur Bestimmung des mechanischen Verhaltens von Kunststoffklebverbindungen. In: Grellmann, W. (Ed.): Herausforderungen neuer Werkstoffe an die Forschung und Werkstoffprüfung. Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung. Proceedings 2005, pp. 383–388, (ISSN 1861-8154; see [[AMK-Library]] under A 8)

[[Category:Fracture Mechanics]]
[[Category:Specimen]]

CTS-Specimen - Revision history